Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

USA > Threats to the New Deal > Flashcards

Threats to the New Deal Flashcards

1
Q

X5 groups on the left

A 
EPIC
Share Our Wealth
Old Age Revolving Pensions Inc
National Union of Social Justice
Thunder on the Left
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Main group of the right

A

Liberty Leaguers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What was a major difference in the voices of the left and right wing groups against the New Deal?

A

politically speaking, one voice on the right w/ one precise message

on the left, several incoherent groups w/ no universal demands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

X3 key figures within the Liberty Leaguers

A

Alfred Sloane

Dupont

Al Smith

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Who was Alfred Sloane?

A

Chief of GM

Key Liberty Leaguer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When was the Liberty Leaguers group organised from?

A

April 1934

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

X4 key reasons for liberty leaguers opposing the New Deal

A
  • too much government intervention
  • detested tax increases on wealthy
  • saw New Deal as socialist experiment (likened to USSR Communism)
  • New Deal clamping down on free market
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What did Liberty Leaguers see FDR as a traitor of?

A

His class

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Not all industrialists agreed with the Liberty Leaguers. Give an example

A

Teagle of Standard Oil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What point mutes the significance of the Liberty Leaguers in terms of being a threat to the N.D

A

They simply represented interests which were already there (big business) rather than being a new up and coming threat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What was suggested that the far right had planned for 1934? Who apparently happened to this plan?

A

a coup d’état supposedly planned for 1934

foiled by the general that was going to lead it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What key fiscal policy demonstrates the Liberty Leaguers ability to manipulate the New Deal to suit their interests?

A

FDR abandoned inheritance tax after they applied pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Who was the Presidential candidate for the Republicans and far right in 1936

A

Alfred Landon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How many votes did Landon receive in 1936

A

16,680,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How many votes did FDR receive in 1936

A

27,751,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How many more votes did FDR receive in 1936 than Landon

A

over 11million more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What was the right able to do to the extreme left wing, particularly the EPIC campaign?

A

provided mass funding to take down the influence of the left

e.g Hollywood’s movie industry funded Landon and used propaganda to target Upton Sinclair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What did businesses challenge in an attempt to weaken labour influence?

A

the National Labor Relations Board

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

which corporation in particular challenged the National Labor Relations Board? What was the result?

A

US Steel corporation

lost their legal challenge against the NRA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What did big business do to the ‘wealth tax bill’ in 1935? What was the result?

A

Lobbied the bill until it became a toothless measure w/ almost meaningless significance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What did big business persuade congress to pass an extremely watered down version of in 1935?

A

the Public Utility Holding Company Act

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When was the Public Utility Holding Company Act passed by Congress after pressure from big business?

A

1935

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Who led the EPIC campaign?

A

Upton Sinclair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What did EPIC stand for?

A

End Poverty in California

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What did the EPIC campaign propose (x2)

A
  • unemployed to temporarily be employed in state-run cooperatives
  • paid a currency only spendable in other cooperatives (almost a barter programme)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What did the EPIC campaign suggest about the USA being wasteful?

A
  • thought limiting production + destroying resources was economic insanity
  • saw idle factories as wasteful
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What was Sinclair’s position in 1934

A

won democratic nomination for Governor of California

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Major reason for Sinclair’s defeat in the election for Governor of California

A

Hollywood funded republican candidate + ensured left was defeated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How many supporters aprox. did EPIC campaign have?

A

50,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What was Sinclair major role in terms of the threat posed to the New Deal from the left?

A

even after defeat, Sinclair had attracted many supporters who were now introduced to socialism

these supporters remained loyal to other serious socialist alternatives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What did Communist groups do in terms of evictions?

A

would organise spontaneous groups to stop them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What was a major goal of the communists in terms of race?

A

use publicity and pressure to end discrimination between black and white

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What did the communists provide for arrested unemployed?

A

legal defence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What X2 points did communists publicly object to about the New Deal?

A

blacks being left behind

prioritisation of helping big businesses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Who was the Presidential candidate for the communists in 1936?

A

Earl Browder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

How many votes did Browder (communist candidate) receive in 1936?

A

79,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What did communists set up in cities?

A

‘unemployed councils’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

How many communist ‘unemployed council’ members were there in Chicago?

A

22,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Who was Huey Long?

A

Louisiana Senator

Share our Wealth leader

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What had Huey Long done in Louisiana?

A

as governor had ordered massive public works programmes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

How did Long rule?

A

as dictator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What did Long and ‘Share our wealth’ propose about private fortunes?

A

those over $3million should be confiscated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What did Share our Wealth propose in terms of distributing money?

A

every family should be given enough to buy a house / car / radio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What X3 key things did Share our Wealth advocate in terms of services?

A
  • free education
  • few healthcare
  • pensions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What was Long’s opinion of FDR?

A

originally a supporter

began to oppose him due to failure to redistribute wealth and N.D prioritising big business

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What did Long suggest the N.D was?

A

too slow and too methodical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

How many Share our Wealth groups were there at peak?

A

27,430

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

How many members did Share our Wealth have at peak?

A

4.6million members

49
Q

Why was Share our Wealth potentially a threat to political leadership?

A

talk of joining forces to form a 3rd party in presidential elections

50
Q

When was Long assassinated?

A

September 1935

51
Q

How did Long rank in favourability?

A

at some points suggested to have overtaken FDR in favourability

52
Q

Who led the Old Age Revolving Pensions Inc?

A

Townsend

53
Q

What did the OARPI advocate?

A
  • everyone over 60 not in employed to receive $200 monthly

- all pension must be spent, not saved

54
Q

How did the OARPI suggest paying for pensions?

A

increase sales tax by 10%

55
Q

What did Lechtenburg suggest about the OARPI’s proposal?

A

argued it was valid as it would encourage retirement at 60, so would provide employment for young

56
Q

What did the OARPI claim about he N.D?

A
  • security legislation inadequate

- saw their plan as providing permanent jobs, but the WPAs were only temporary

57
Q

What would payments to recipients of pensions total in terms of national income under the OARPI’s plans?

A

50% of N.I

58
Q

Evidence for the OARPI being seriously considered

A

level of support - 2.2million followers

59
Q

Who led the National Union of Social Justice

A

Father Charles Coughlin

60
Q

What did the NUoSJ propose about banks?

A

their nationalisation

61
Q

What X2 monetary reforms was the NUoSJ concerned with?

A
  • bank nationalisation

- redistribution of wealth via taxes

62
Q

What was Father Charles original belief in the N.D?

A

“The New Deal is Christ’s New Deal”

63
Q

What was Father Charles main criticism of the N.D

A

felt it had not done enough to change the banking system

64
Q

What did the NUoSJ see the New Deal as?

A

a communist conspiracy and a means for wall street financiers
(although this was contradictory)

65
Q

What type of stance did Farther Charles later adopt which hurt his popularity?

A

blamed Jews for the New Deal and Wall Street control

began to admire fascist dictators of Europe

66
Q

What was Father Charle’s Radio show called?

A

The Golden Hour of the Little Flower

67
Q

Evidence of Father Charles’ decline in popularity?

A

radio show sponsorship cancelled since he was deemed too radical

68
Q

Where was Father Charles especially influential?

A

in the ‘bible belt’ states

69
Q

How large was Farther Charles’ influence?

A

30-40million

70
Q

Radical action of the National Union of Social Justice

A

government inspired attacks

71
Q

Who was the NUoSJ’s Presidential candidate in 1936?

A

Lepke

72
Q

How many votes did Lepke gain in 1936? Was this greater than the Communists?

A

882,500

Yes over X10 greater than the communists

73
Q

X2 influential figures within Thunder on the Left

A

Olsen

Lafollette

74
Q

Who was Olson?

A

Leader of the Farmer-Labor Party (part of Thunder on the Left)

became Governor of Minnesota

75
Q

What did the Farmer Labor Party advocate (X3)?

A
  • state control of factories
  • nationalism of public utilities
  • postponement of farm mortgage foreclosures
76
Q

Who were the Lafollette brothers?

A

founders of the Progressive Party

77
Q

What did the Progressive Party advocate (X3)?

A
  • collective bargaining
  • unemployment insurance
  • old-age pensions
78
Q

What did the Lafollette brothers strongly protest about?

A

the death of the CWA agency

79
Q

What did Thunder on the Left regard FDR as?

A

an “unsure person”

believed he did not do enough to help everyday Americans through the new deal

80
Q

How did the Thunder on the Left movement die out?

A

largely with one of its leaders, Olson

81
Q

Who did the Progressive Party have the support of?

A

Eastern Intellectuals

82
Q

Who did Eastern Intellectuals mainly support?

A

the left’s Progressive Party

83
Q

What major factor meant that Thunder on the Left was not a significant threat?

A

wasn’t a universal opinion / cohesive unit

84
Q

What was absent during the 1930s in regards to political movements?

A

no great feminist movement

85
Q

What did the popularity of alternatives suggest to Roosevelt about the New Deal?

A

there was room for the possibility of more radical presidential measures to combat depression

86
Q

What occurred in the 1934 mid-term congressional elections?

A

Democrats made gains in both houses

87
Q

What did the number of democrats in the Senate rise to following the 1934 mid-term congressional elections? What was notable about this?

A

69 / 96 seats

largest democratic majority to date

88
Q

What was notable about the USA and the threat from the left?

A

USA had never been a left-wing biased nation & historically had always clamped down on socialism

89
Q

Why did the left superficially appear a greater threat to the New Deal as opposed to the right?

A
  • mass influence on the public

- some see Long as potential Presidential candidate in 1936 election

90
Q

Roosevelt recognised the political benefits to be gained by stealing the ‘thunder of the left’. This is shown in the 2nd new deal policies, including;

A
  • rural electrification
  • social security act of 1935
  • wealth tax act 1935
  • federal farm bankruptcy act
91
Q

how many workers went on strike in 1934?

A

1.5milion workers

92
Q

The largest strike in the US’s history up until then was in 1934. What industry and how many did this involve>

A

421,000 workers

textile workers

93
Q

How many sit down strikes in 1936

A

48

94
Q

How many sit down strikes in 1937

A

477

95
Q

How many more sit down strikes in 1937 than 1936

A

just under 430

96
Q

What did FDR regard the Supreme Court as?

A

increasingly conservative and out of touch

97
Q

What did FDR regard big business as?

A

the lynchpin of recovery

98
Q

What was a laissez faire quote that the New Dealers attempted to counter?

A

“the problems of the workers can only be solved by themselves”

99
Q

When was the peak of Townsend’s popularity?

A

Following the SSA of 1935

100
Q

Townsend can be seen as a threat in part. What evidence is there of this?

A

claimed control of X2 governors

101
Q

On what point did the NAACP protest on education?

A

unequal treatment of black Americans under New Deal in university entry

102
Q

Evidence of the New Deal remaining discriminatory

A

CCC employed only whites
No anti-lynching legislation
No civil rights legislation
No protection from discriminatory employers / dismissal

103
Q

Who was secretary of labour during ND?

Who was the first ambassador?

A

Sec of Labour = Francis Perkins

Ambassador = Ruth Owen

both women

104
Q

Who was the President’s Race Relations Advisor?

What was notable about him?

A

HASTIE = race relations advisor

1st African American judge

105
Q

What did Collier do within the Bureau of Indian Affairs?

A

employed Native Americans

106
Q

Who had a filibuster against the Glass-Steagall Act?

Why was this

A

Huey Long

wouldn’t support it until it included STATE and national banks

107
Q

What X2 acts did Huey Long strongly object to?

A

Glass-Stegall Act

NRA

108
Q

Why did Huey Long object to the NRA?

A

predicted accurately that it would suit big business - since its codes would be written by them

109
Q

What did FDR do which showed that he recognised the threat Huey Long posed

A
  • investigated Long’s finances
  • investigated Long’s election as Senator of Louisiana
  • block Long from Louisiana finances
110
Q

How much did the Liberty Leaguers Raise in 1934?

What did they do with this money?

A

$500,000 in 1934 alone

Used it to finance against the New Deal and the left
e.g against Upton Sinclair

111
Q

What was the right’s opposition to the New Deal and its effectiveness made more impressive by?

What shows that the right constituted some sort of threat?

A

The rights opposition was made more impressive by its limited public support base

The fact that some appeasements were made towards the right shows that Roosevelt was concerned in part or that the legislation would not have worked without their cooperation

112
Q

Point on the left, legislation and ideologies;

A

certain individual policies appeared REACTIONARY to the threat from the left -

However, the ideologies behind them (unequal distribution / equality of opportunity) were never adopted

113
Q

Point on the limitation of the left’s influence

A

FDR clearly perceived a threat from the left -

However not to the extent that he was willing to abandon fiscal conservatism in order to meet their demands

114
Q

What did Al Smith see FDR as moving increasingly in?

A

” a socialist direction”

115
Q

What book did Long write which showed his potential to challenge FDR for President?

A

My first days in the white house

116
Q

Who became Chair of the National Share our Wealth Committee

Why?

A

Rockefeller

Rockefeller was a progressive

117
Q

What did Share Our Wealth demand in terms of veterans?

A

immediate payment of bonuses

118
Q

What did the candidate of the National Union of Social Justice co-author;

A

Lemke co-authored the Franzier-Lemke Federal Farm Bankruptcy act

119
Q

How many votes had the Progressive Party secured in 1924?

What % was this?

What was this compared to the vote of 1936

A
  1. 8million
  2. 6% of the vote

No other party on the left got anywhere near as many votes

USA (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions