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USA > Immigration 1920s > Flashcards

Immigration 1920s Flashcards

1
Q

When was the literacy test introduced as a way of curbing immigration?

A

1917

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2
Q

When was “The Passing of the Great Race” released?

A

1916

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3
Q

Who wrote “The Passing of the Great Race”?

A

Grant

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4
Q

What did “The Passing of the Great Race” suggest and preach?

A

nordic americans were becoming polluted

preached for eugenics and racial hierarchy

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5
Q

Wilson’s quote on immigration and Americans

A

100% Americanism

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6
Q

Where was the wave of immigrants in the 1920s mainly from?

A

Eastern Europe and Asia

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7
Q

Which party had a strong agenda on migration in 1920?

A

Republican party

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8
Q

When was the Immigration Quota Act introduced?

A

1921

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9
Q

When was the National Origins Act (Johnson-Reed Act) introduced?

A

1924

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10
Q

In 1929 how many immigrants were allowed in per year?

A

150,000

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11
Q

What was immigration total limited to by the 1921 immigration quota act?

A

357,000

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12
Q

What was the quota for each ethnic minority set in the 1921 immigration quota act?

A

3% of the 1910 census

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13
Q

What was the quota for each ethnic minority reduced to in in the 1924 national origins act?

A

2% of the 1890 census

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14
Q

By 1929 what nationality was not permitted to migrate to the USA?

A

Asians

Chinese, Japanese, Koreans mainly

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15
Q

What case suggested that immigrants were introducing radical ideas?

A

Sacco and Vanzetti

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16
Q

What two acts did the Zanetti and Sacco case encourage

A

1921 Immigration Quota Act & 1924 National Origins Act

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17
Q

What were African-Americans thought to be influencing?

A

culture of the young

e.g via jazz

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18
Q

When were the Chicago Race Riots?

How many were killed?

A

1919

38 killed

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19
Q

How many were lynched between 1918-27? How many were black?

A

454

over 415 black

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20
Q

In 1920s an average of what % of the population had native white parents?

A

only 60%

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21
Q

When did NY given the vote to women?

A

1917

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22
Q

In what election year did both parties say they were in favour of female suffrage?

A

1916

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23
Q

When was the 19th amendment passed?

A

August 1920

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24
Q

What was the first election a woman could vote in?

A

1920

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25
Q

What amendment allowed for female suffrage?

A

19th

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26
Q

Along what lines did women tend to vote…

A

along same orthodox class and background lines as men

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27
Q

When were the Palmer Raids?

A

Jan 1920

28
Q

How many were arrested in the Palmer Raids

How many deported

A

6,000 arrested

4,000 deported

29
Q

How many workers went on strike in 1919

A

4million

30
Q

Where was the verdict for the V&S case supported?

A

rural areas

31
Q

Who was shocked by the verdict of the V&S case?

A

liberals (protestants)

32
Q

What religion of immigrants was considered a large threat?

A

Catholicism

33
Q

Reason for the revival in regions fundamentalism?

A

rising crime and immorality associated with urbanisation

34
Q

When was the Scopes Trial

A

1925

35
Q

What was Scopes accused of

A

teaching evolution in schools (illegal)

36
Q

Where was the jury of the Scopes case from?

A

small town - Tennessee

37
Q

What did the Scopes case highlight?

A

small-town beliefs vs urban dwellers

38
Q

When was the post war recession?

A

1920-21

39
Q

What trial in Tennessee in 1925 embodies the clash between large cities and old-fashioned America?

A

“Monkey Trial”

Scopes trial

40
Q

When was the law introduced which meant all Native American Indians born in the USA could become full citizens of the USA?

What did this replace?
What did this act do?

A

1924

Replaced Dawes Act
which broke up tribal lands and tribal identity and forced conversion to Christianity

41
Q

There was no real progress for Native American Indians until when?

Example of why there was no real progress

A

Collier (Commissioner for Indian Affairs)
passed the Indian Reorganisation Act - 1934

Still marginalised and isolated from society

42
Q

What act was Scopes breaking in 1925?

What did this act make it illegal to do?

A

The Butler Act

illegal to teach evolution in schools

43
Q

Who did Scopes receive support from?

What was Scopes’ punishment?

Who was the Scopes trial a set back for?
Why?

A

received support from American Civil Liberties Union and Liberals

Found guilty and fined

Set back for anti-evolution forces
case thrown out on technicality
but what was notably was the verdict itself

44
Q

What did the post-war economy do to anti-immigrant sentiment?

A

1920-21 Post-war recession

increased anti-immigrant sentiment

arguably a contributor to 1921 Emergency Immigration Act

45
Q

How did evangelists publicise their cause?

A

mass rallies

new radio advertising

46
Q

When were S+V arrested for armed robbery?

When were they sentenced to death?

When were they executed?

A

1920 - Robberies

1921 - sentenced

1927 - executed

47
Q

What was S+V’s conviction arguably a catalyst for?

What does their year of execution suggest?

A

1921 Emergency Quota Act

1927 - anti-immigrant sentiment still strong in late 1920s
demonstrations of support for S+V had little impact

48
Q

Who supported S+V and protested about their execution?

A
  • artists
  • immigrants
  • human rights activists
  • labour organisations / socialists
  • American Civil Liberties Union
49
Q

Evidence of anti-immigrant attitudes in WWI?

What were these designed to do?

A

Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test

Designed questions specifically so that Southern and Eastern European migrants would score low

50
Q

How many arrested in January 1920s Palmer Raids?

How many were deported?

What were the palmer raids a consequence of?

A

6,000 arrested
4,000 deported

consequence of fear generated by Russia’s 1917 Bolshevik revolution, mass of strikes in 1919 and bomb outside Palmer’s house

51
Q

How many workers went on strike in 1919?

A

4million

52
Q

What terrorist action gave further legitimacy to anti-anarchist / anti-communist / anti-immigrant sentiment?

When did this occur?

Who committed it?

A

House of Morgan bombing

September 1920

Anarchists

53
Q

What did Leuchtenburg refer to the Palmer Raids as?

A

“wholesale violation of civil liberties”

54
Q

What did Palmer claim would occur to do with communists?

When was this predicted?

What happened to this occurrence?
What was Palmer accused of and what happened to public support?

A

Believed there would be a Communist Uprising in May 1920

Did not occur
Accused of stiring hysteria for political advantage - so public support deteriorated

55
Q

Fundamentally what did the Red Scare convince americans?

A

to support stricter immigration policies

56
Q

Who was Palmer?

A

Attorney General

57
Q

Where was the Scopes Trial held?

A

Tennessee

58
Q

Where was the armed robbery that Sacco and Vanzetti are convicted of committing?

A

Massachusetts

59
Q

Name of X2 individuals targeting in the red scare

Why they were targeted

A
  • WALD
    advocate for recent immigrants into USA
  • BEARD
    professor who criticised the Founding Fathers
60
Q

Lawyers involved in Scopes Trial;

Who was the defence?

A

Clarrence Darrow and William Bryan

Darrow was defence

61
Q

Who was William Byran?

Previous position

Nickname

A

Prosecutor in Scopes trial

Former Sec. of State

“The Great Commoner”

62
Q

What was notable about the publicity of the Scopes trial?

Why was it a national topic?

A

First trial ever broadcast on radio

Two of Americas most well respected and well known lawyers

63
Q

Who was the judge in the Scopes Trial?

What did they do which put the defence in a difficult position? Who led the defence?

A

Judge Raulston

refused to admit expert testimony of Darrow’s on evolutionary theory

Clarrence Darrow led the defence

64
Q

What was Scopes’ punishment?

Who was this a win for? - evaluative point

A

$100fine and release

in short term anti-evolutionary law upheld

But in long run court through out fine + charge
= victory for supporters of evolutionary theory

65
Q

Name X2 evangelical preachers in 1920s;

How did each preach?

A
  • Billy Sunday - via radio

- Aimee McPherson - via loudspeaker to audiences

66
Q

What was notably about Aimee McPherson’s audience?

What did she say about prohibition?

A

X5 from 1910-1925 (100,000 to 500,000)

called out politicians for being hypocrites with prohibition and not following the law themselves

USA (33 decks)

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