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USA > Immigration 1920s > Flashcards

Immigration 1920s Flashcards

1
Q

When was the literacy test introduced as a way of curbing immigration?

A

1917

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2
Q

When was “The Passing of the Great Race” released?

A

1916

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3
Q

Who wrote “The Passing of the Great Race”?

A

Grant

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4
Q

What did “The Passing of the Great Race” suggest and preach?

A

nordic americans were becoming polluted

preached for eugenics and racial hierarchy

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5
Q

Wilson’s quote on immigration and Americans

A

100% Americanism

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6
Q

Where was the wave of immigrants in the 1920s mainly from?

A

Eastern Europe and Asia

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7
Q

Which party had a strong agenda on migration in 1920?

A

Republican party

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8
Q

When was the Immigration Quota Act introduced?

A

1921

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9
Q

When was the National Origins Act (Johnson-Reed Act) introduced?

A

1924

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10
Q

In 1929 how many immigrants were allowed in per year?

A

150,000

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11
Q

What was immigration total limited to by the 1921 immigration quota act?

A

357,000

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12
Q

What was the quota for each ethnic minority set in the 1921 immigration quota act?

A

3% of the 1910 census

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13
Q

What was the quota for each ethnic minority reduced to in in the 1924 national origins act?

A

2% of the 1890 census

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14
Q

By 1929 what nationality was not permitted to migrate to the USA?

A

Asians

Chinese, Japanese, Koreans mainly

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15
Q

What case suggested that immigrants were introducing radical ideas?

A

Sacco and Vanzetti

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16
Q

What two acts did the Zanetti and Sacco case encourage

A

1921 Immigration Quota Act & 1924 National Origins Act

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17
Q

What were African-Americans thought to be influencing?

A

culture of the young

e.g via jazz

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18
Q

When were the Chicago Race Riots?

How many were killed?

A

1919

38 killed

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19
Q

How many were lynched between 1918-27? How many were black?

A

454

over 415 black

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20
Q

In 1920s an average of what % of the population had native white parents?

A

only 60%

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21
Q

When did NY given the vote to women?

A

1917

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22
Q

In what election year did both parties say they were in favour of female suffrage?

A

1916

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23
Q

When was the 19th amendment passed?

A

August 1920

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24
Q

What was the first election a woman could vote in?

A

1920

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25
What amendment allowed for female suffrage?
19th
26
Along what lines did women tend to vote...
along same orthodox class and background lines as men
27
When were the Palmer Raids?
Jan 1920
28
How many were arrested in the Palmer Raids How many deported
6,000 arrested 4,000 deported
29
How many workers went on strike in 1919
4million
30
Where was the verdict for the V&S case supported?
rural areas
31
Who was shocked by the verdict of the V&S case?
liberals (protestants)
32
What religion of immigrants was considered a large threat?
Catholicism
33
Reason for the revival in regions fundamentalism?
rising crime and immorality associated with urbanisation
34
When was the Scopes Trial
1925
35
What was Scopes accused of
teaching evolution in schools (illegal)
36
Where was the jury of the Scopes case from?
small town - Tennessee
37
What did the Scopes case highlight?
small-town beliefs vs urban dwellers
38
When was the post war recession?
1920-21
39
What trial in Tennessee in 1925 embodies the clash between large cities and old-fashioned America?
"Monkey Trial" | Scopes trial
40
When was the law introduced which meant all Native American Indians born in the USA could become full citizens of the USA? What did this replace? What did this act do?
1924 Replaced Dawes Act which broke up tribal lands and tribal identity and forced conversion to Christianity
41
There was no real progress for Native American Indians until when? Example of why there was no real progress
Collier (Commissioner for Indian Affairs) passed the Indian Reorganisation Act - 1934 Still marginalised and isolated from society
42
What act was Scopes breaking in 1925? What did this act make it illegal to do?
The Butler Act illegal to teach evolution in schools
43
Who did Scopes receive support from? What was Scopes' punishment? Who was the Scopes trial a set back for? Why?
received support from American Civil Liberties Union and Liberals Found guilty and fined Set back for anti-evolution forces case thrown out on technicality but what was notably was the verdict itself
44
What did the post-war economy do to anti-immigrant sentiment?
1920-21 Post-war recession increased anti-immigrant sentiment arguably a contributor to 1921 Emergency Immigration Act
45
How did evangelists publicise their cause?
mass rallies | new radio advertising
46
When were S+V arrested for armed robbery? When were they sentenced to death? When were they executed?
1920 - Robberies 1921 - sentenced 1927 - executed
47
What was S+V's conviction arguably a catalyst for? What does their year of execution suggest?
1921 Emergency Quota Act 1927 - anti-immigrant sentiment still strong in late 1920s demonstrations of support for S+V had little impact
48
Who supported S+V and protested about their execution?
- artists - immigrants - human rights activists - labour organisations / socialists - American Civil Liberties Union
49
Evidence of anti-immigrant attitudes in WWI? What were these designed to do?
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test Designed questions specifically so that Southern and Eastern European migrants would score low
50
How many arrested in January 1920s Palmer Raids? How many were deported? What were the palmer raids a consequence of?
6,000 arrested 4,000 deported consequence of fear generated by Russia's 1917 Bolshevik revolution, mass of strikes in 1919 and bomb outside Palmer's house
51
How many workers went on strike in 1919?
4million
52
What terrorist action gave further legitimacy to anti-anarchist / anti-communist / anti-immigrant sentiment? When did this occur? Who committed it?
House of Morgan bombing September 1920 Anarchists
53
What did Leuchtenburg refer to the Palmer Raids as?
"wholesale violation of civil liberties"
54
What did Palmer claim would occur to do with communists? When was this predicted? What happened to this occurrence? What was Palmer accused of and what happened to public support?
Believed there would be a Communist Uprising in May 1920 Did not occur Accused of stiring hysteria for political advantage - so public support deteriorated
55
Fundamentally what did the Red Scare convince americans?
to support stricter immigration policies
56
Who was Palmer?
Attorney General
57
Where was the Scopes Trial held?
Tennessee
58
Where was the armed robbery that Sacco and Vanzetti are convicted of committing?
Massachusetts
59
Name of X2 individuals targeting in the red scare Why they were targeted
- WALD advocate for recent immigrants into USA - BEARD professor who criticised the Founding Fathers
60
Lawyers involved in Scopes Trial; Who was the defence?
Clarrence Darrow and William Bryan Darrow was defence
61
Who was William Byran? Previous position Nickname
Prosecutor in Scopes trial Former Sec. of State "The Great Commoner"
62
What was notable about the publicity of the Scopes trial? Why was it a national topic?
First trial ever broadcast on radio Two of Americas most well respected and well known lawyers
63
Who was the judge in the Scopes Trial? What did they do which put the defence in a difficult position? Who led the defence?
Judge Raulston refused to admit expert testimony of Darrow's on evolutionary theory Clarrence Darrow led the defence
64
What was Scopes' punishment? Who was this a win for? - evaluative point
$100fine and release in short term anti-evolutionary law upheld But in long run court through out fine + charge = victory for supporters of evolutionary theory
65
Name X2 evangelical preachers in 1920s; How did each preach?
- Billy Sunday - via radio | - Aimee McPherson - via loudspeaker to audiences
66
What was notably about Aimee McPherson's audience? What did she say about prohibition?
X5 from 1910-1925 (100,000 to 500,000) called out politicians for being hypocrites with prohibition and not following the law themselves

USA (33 decks)

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