America Impacts of WWI

Question 1

When was the Quota Act (Emergency Immigrant Law) placing an annual ceiling to only 3% of a countries nationals allowed to live in USA

Answer 1

1921

Question 2

When was the Johnson-Reed Immigration Act introduced

Answer 2

1924

Question 3

What did the 1924 Johnson-Reed Immigration Act create

Answer 3

an “Asiatic Barred Zone”
= stopped migration from Japan, China etc. almost entirely

put absolute ceiling of 157,000 per year on total immigration

Question 4

Who did migration laws not apply to

Answer 4

Mexicans

cheap labour source

Question 5

What did the 1921 QuotaAct do

Answer 5

placed annual ceiling on immigration from any European country

only 3% of their nationals can live in USA

Question 6

1907 annual immigration average

Answer 6

850,000+

Question 7

When were the Chicago race riots - how many killed

Answer 7

1919, X38 killed

Question 8

How many lynched between 1918-27

Answer 8

454

over 415 blacks

Question 9

How was the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test used as ammunition for racism

Answer 9

test used in WWI Army Recruiting - Eastern Europeans score low (recently migrated)

Question 10

In what election did both parties declare they were pro-female suffrage

Answer 10

1916

Question 11

When did NY give the vote to women

Answer 11

1917

Question 12

When was the 19th Amendment passed, what did it change?

Answer 12

August 1920

allowed female suffrage

Question 13

What was significant about the 19th Amendment timing?

Answer 13

in time for 1920 general election

Question 14

what impact did 19th amendment have in terms of electoral voting swing

Answer 14

very little,

found women tend to vote along same orthodox lines (class, regional lines) as men / husbands

Question 15

How many were arrested as part of the Palmer Raids in Jan 1920

How many were deported?

Answer 15

6,000 suspected revolutionaries arrested

4,000 deported

Question 16

What was happening in Russia during the time of the Red Scare in USA?

Answer 16

1917 - Bolshevik revolution had just occurred

Question 17

in 1919 how many workers went on strike

Give an example

Answer 17

x4million workers

Police strike in Boston

Question 18

In 1919 several anarchist bombings occurred in the USA,

Who were these done by?

Where were they from?

X2 of their targets

Answer 18

GALLEANI and his followers

Italian anarchists

Rockefeller & Palmer

Question 19

Why was there a revival in religious fundamentalism?

Why was there the strongest rise in religious fundamentalism in urban areas amongst urbanites?

Answer 19

mass immigration of Catholics and concerns of rising crime / immorality

urbanites were reacting to sinfulness of neighbours

Question 20

What notorious trial was brought forward by the Anti-Evolution League - with it being illegal for evolution to be taught in schools?

Answer 20

Scopes Trial 1925

Question 21

What did the Scopes Trial of 1925 highlight?

Answer 21

small town beliefs vs urban dwellers

Question 22

How many troops were drafted?

Answer 22

4million drafted

Question 23

What opposite did the women’s suffrage movement receive?

Answer 23

from alcohol / textile trades

textiles mainly employed female workforce - feared they would gain influence

Question 24

When did over 50% of the US population live in cities?

Answer 24

1920

54million live in cities

Question 25

What can support for Republican presidents be seen as a reaction to in terms of urbanisation?

Answer 25

Urban environments seen as wild and sinful - especially as hub for new international migrants Seen as threat to traditional way of life

Question 26

Name X2 notorious gangsters

Answer 26

Torrio - made $30million Al Capone - "turf wars"

Question 27

Where was perhaps the greatest hub of gangsterism?

Answer 27

Chicago

Question 28

How many murders did Al Capone's gang alone commit in Chicago?

Answer 28

300

Question 29

What can the prohibition be seen as a reaction to?

Answer 29

religious reaction to godlessness of many americans

Question 30

Why was the prohibition movement accelerated post-war

Answer 30

argued the US needed to demonstrate "restrained behaviour" to be part of the "brace new world"

Question 31

What were the waters off the US coast known as in relation to prohibition due to the illegal imports of alcohol

Answer 31

rum row

Question 32

During war how much more land was taken into cultivation?

Answer 32

25%

Question 33

What happened to the number of acres in production during the 1920s?

Answer 33

decreased by 13million acres

Question 34

What did the use of tractors mean for production?

Answer 34

less demand for animal feed but improved mechanisation, use of tractors, animal husbandry = overproduction

Question 35

When was the Stanford-Binet Test introduced? Where was it introduced? Who was it meant to be a disadvantage to?

Answer 35

1917 Military standardised test Disadvantage to Eastern Europeans who had only recently migrated to the USA

Question 36

The introduction of standardised testing which appeared to show lack of intelligence was used to justify what in relation to immigration?

Answer 36

Immigration policy was now apparently based on biological science and fact

Question 37

What was the Act of 1921 also known as What was it the first act to do?

Answer 37

The Dillingham Act Set quotas on the amount of immigration based on the country of origin First act to actively seek the reduction in European immigration into the USA

Question 38

The Passing of the Great Race capitalised on the fear of what?

Answer 38

fear of anglo-american stock being contaminated, sought its preservation fear of 'hyphenated-americans' with different languages / cultures / religions

Question 39

What happened to wages over the course of WWI? Who especially for? How did this contribute to the boom?

Answer 39

increased on real terms 20% especially for unskilled workers people accumulated spending since there were no consumer goods being produced

Question 40

What board allocated war materials during WWI? What did this mean in terms of post-WWI boom?

Answer 40

War Industries Board prioritised defence industry = so lack of consumer goods and domestic construction projects post-WWI sees boom in these two sectors

Question 41

What happened to trade due to WWI? What limited this?

Answer 41

exports drastically increased e. g Chemicals X10 e. g food by 300% but 1920 = loans to allies ceased so less demand can be funded - exports decrease

Question 42

What Act placed taxes of up to 65% on people in WWI? What did it do to the number of tax payers? How was the boom linked to this?

Answer 42

Revenue Act 1917 increases taxes to 65% and increases number of payers to 5% Mellon able to reduce taxes and number of payers during 1920s = stimulates consumption