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USA > Technical Advances & The Motor Industry of the 1920s > Flashcards

Technical Advances & The Motor Industry of the 1920s Flashcards

1
Q

What was the largest industry in the USA?

A

Motor Vehicle Industry

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2
Q

How many were employed in the motor industry in Detroit?

A

0.5million

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3
Q

What did the motor industry make Detroit?

A

USA’s 4th largest city

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4
Q

What was taylorism?

A

the theory of time and motion

production techniques allocated times for completion

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5
Q

When was the Ford Model T introduced?

A

1908

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6
Q

When was the mass moving-line production introduced?

A

1913

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7
Q

What was the price of a Model T in 1918?

Price of Model T in 1925?

A

$950

$290

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8
Q

How many cars were being produced annually by 1920?

What was the peak year? How many cars were produced then? When was this not beaten until?

A

1.25million

Peak year was 1929 - 4.5million produced
Not matched until 1949

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9
Q

Name the big 3 motor industry firms

What % of the automobile industry did they control?

A

Ford, General Electric, Chrysler

70%

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10
Q

What was a fundamental flaw with the motor industry?

A

supply exceeded demand

demand had to be actively encouraged (e.g via good credit schemes and advertising)

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11
Q

What action did Ford take in 1927?

How many became unemployed? What did this contribute to?

A

closed factory to retool for Model A vehicle

60,000 unemployed
mini recession of 1927

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12
Q

In 1929 what % of total workers did the motor industry employ?

What % of wages was this?

A

7%

9%

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13
Q

What actions did Ford take to look after his workers?

A
  • minimum wage of $5 daily
  • factories w/ excellent safety + nutrition
    1,200calories daily
  • shift system (only 8hr day)
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14
Q

What relationship did Ford have w unions?

A

Did not accept unions until forced to by the court

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15
Q

What did the rise of the motor industry lead governments to go against their laissez faire policy and do?

How many miles of road built annually?

A

introduce Federal Highway Act of 1921

10,000miles annually

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16
Q

What was the rise in truck registrations 1919-29? Partially causing decline in rail freight…

A

X4

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17
Q

Changing landscape due to rise of motor industry and popularity of cars included…

A

new service industry growth

e.g garages, motels, wayside restaurants

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18
Q

What form of urbanisation was a product of the motor industry growth?

A

suburbanisation

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19
Q

Why was there a growth of suburbanisation (X2 reasons)?

A
  • no longer need to live near to railroads / employment due to motor industry
  • availability of easy credit
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20
Q

What did the motor industry allow working and middle classes to do?

A

escape from cities for breaks

travel for leisure

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21
Q

What did suburbanisation stimulate?

A

profit to construction industry

material consumption to fill new homes

22
Q

Grow of electrical goods 1912 - 1929

A

1912: 2.4million electrical goods sold
1929: 160million electric goods sold

23
Q

% of households w electricity in 1920

% of households w/ electricity in 1929

A

35%

70%

24
Q

% of rural farms w electricity in 1922

When was rural electricity not largely addressed until?

A

3%

1935 : Rural Electrification Act

25
Q

Where was industry concentrated in the USA?

A

North East / Mid West

26
Q

Why did textile factories of New England not be able to compete?

A

had higher wages than those in south

27
Q

Average wage for farmers in South Carolina

A

$129

28
Q

Average wage for non-agricultural workers

A

$412

29
Q

When was bakelite plastic first produced?

A

1907

30
Q

What type of plastic was introduced in 1907

A

bakelite

31
Q

Why was the introduction of glass tubing important for mass production

A

used in al manufacturing industries for transport of goods from one area to another - saves time

32
Q

When did Ford introduce the first conveyor belt into one of his factories? Which factory was this?

A

1913

Highland Park factory, Michigan

33
Q

What technology allowed for cheaper, more efficient, faster construction?

A

concrete mixers

34
Q

X3 factors which all made the cost of goods cheaper - thus helping facilitate the boom;

A
  • cheaper materials
  • more efficient production techniques
  • cheap fuel
35
Q

When was the Ford Motor Company founded?

How many workers did it have in its infancy?

A

1903

125 workers

36
Q

What was the nickname for the Model T?

A

“tin lizzie”

37
Q

Cost of a model T in 1908

A

$1200

38
Q

When did Ford construct the largest factory in America at the time and where?

A

Dearborn, Michigan

1928

39
Q

How many did Ford’s Dearborn factory employ?

A

80,000

40
Q

What problem did Ford face with his workforce due to taylorism?

A

monotonous, unhappy, long hour

41
Q

How did Ford combat the discontent of his workforce?

A

reduced hours to 8hrs daily (average 10hrs in US)

42
Q

What was the production time required to make 1 car in 1913?

1920?

1929?

A

1913 : 1 car every 3 minutes

1920 : 1 every 20seconds

1929 : 1 every 10 seconds

43
Q

What was the peak year for the most number of cars produced? When was this not passed until?

A

1929 = peak year of 4.5million cars

Not passed until 1949

44
Q

Advent of what process boosted the American Chemical agency?

What did this allow for the production of?

A

Weizmann Fermentation Process

production of biofuels

45
Q

Number of automobile companies in the market;
1920:
1930:

A

1920 - 110

1930 - 44

46
Q

How many acres of agriculture were lost in the 1920s?

What happened to production?
What type of tech enabled this?

A

13million acres of agricultural production lost

Nevertheless production increased 9%
tractors / better fertilisers /

47
Q

What increase in productivity was seen per worker?

A

43% increase

48
Q

What was the increase in corporate profits?

What was the increase in average real wages?

A

corporate profit increase : 65%

real wage increase : 14%

49
Q

What did WWI do in relation to US industry?

A

catalysed the dominance of US industry

50
Q

What did industry do in terms of its role in perpetuating the cycle of prosperity?

A

Tech production and industry provided output -

but without MARKET for the output a boom would not have been generated

51
Q

What % of rubber did the motor industry consume

What % of oil?

Name other products and services the motor industry catalysed

A

80% rubber

90% of oil

catalysed gravel / steel / tourism / service industry

52
Q

How many holding companies propped up 90% of the electricity industry in the USA?

How many corporations held 20% of the wealth?
What % of wealth were they responsible for generating?

A

X16 controlled 90% of electricity

200 corporations held 20% of wealth
and generated 40% of all wealth

USA (33 decks)

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