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USA > Prohibition > Flashcards

Prohibition Flashcards

1
Q

what did sales of medicinal alcohol increase by during prohibition?

A

400%

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2
Q

the lack of government funding for prohibition enforcement was serious - how much was spent in total

A

only $300million

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3
Q

What % of District Attorney’s time was estimated to be spent on prohibition cases in 1923

A

44%

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4
Q

What was the rate of those who were trialled and sentenced due to prohibition charges?

A

extremely low

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5
Q

prohibition did what to tax revenue?

A

removed a source of tax revenue since sales went underground

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6
Q

What was a disincentive for the purchasing of alcohol during prohibition?

A

artificially inflated prices

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7
Q

What were some protests based on related to prohibition

A

it’s ‘unconstitutional’ nature

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8
Q

Where did the number of saloons total 1,000 but during prohibition speakeasies total 8,000

A

Massachusetts

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9
Q

How many speakeasies were created in Massachusetts

A

8,000

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10
Q

What happened to organised crime when prohibition was abolished in 1933?

A

diversified into other activities e.g prostitution, illegal horse betting

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11
Q

Why did the Volstead Act only apply to 1/4 of states

A

other states had already passed prohibition laws

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12
Q

What was the impact of the Volstead Act only applying to 1/4 of states

A

Congress more likely to pass it as had crept into other states with no disastrous short-term effects

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13
Q

What did bootleggers do?

A

brought illegal alcohol supplies into the cities

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14
Q

How many illicit stills were seized by government agents in 1930?

A

280,000+

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15
Q

How many did the prohibition bureau employ?

A

1500-2300

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16
Q

How many gangland murders in Chicago 1926-27?

A

130

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17
Q

When was the St. Valentines Day Massacre where in violence between X2 rival gangs 7 were killed?

A

1929

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18
Q

What act curtailed the use of grain in alcohol

A

Lever Act 1917

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19
Q

When was the Lever Act enforced?

A

1917

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20
Q

When was the Prohibition Act enforced?

A

1918

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21
Q

How does prohibition relate to religion?

A

religious reaction to godlessness of many Americans

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22
Q

Where were supporters of prohibition generally from?

A

Protestant, small town America

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23
Q

Where was opposition to prohibition generally from?

A

urban, Catholic

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24
Q

How many gangland murders in Chicago 1927-30

How did the legal system fare?

Why was gangland murder common?

A

200+

No convictions

conflict between gangsters as each tries to monopolies markets within an area

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25
Q

What % of prohibition agents accepted bribes>

A

10%

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26
Q

What did gangsters earn a year in profits from the illegal alcohol trade?

A

$2billion

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27
Q

Why did business support prohibition?

A

saw labour as a threat to labour reliability

thought prohibition would increase efficiency

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28
Q

When was the Volstead Act introduced?

What did this do?

A

Jan 1920

illegal to make, sell or transport alcohol

29
Q

What was the name of the speakeasy where the Notorious of New York’s elite went

A

21 Club

30
Q

What was notable about the number of speakeasies

A

Greater than the number of pre-1919 saloons

31
Q

How many speakeasies in New York alone?

A

32,000 in 1929

32
Q

What was arguably the worst legacy of prohibition?

A

level of corruption it revealed;

  • judges
  • local / state gov officials
33
Q

Example of corrupt government official in Chicago

A

Big Bill Thompson - Mayor of Chicago

34
Q

What was the fundamental aim of prohibition legisaltion

A

to control behaviour

to establish a common code of morals and values in the USA

35
Q

X7 groups which supported prohibition

A
  • protestants
  • middle class
  • rural
  • Bible Belt
  • businesses
  • Women’s Temperance League
  • American Society for the Promotion of Temperance
36
Q

X2 notorious businesses which supported prohibition

A
  • Heinz

- Rockefeller

37
Q

What was Rockefeller’s political position?

How was this shown in the 1930s?

A

advocated progressivism and increased government intervention

In the 1930’s became Chief of the National Share Our Wealth Committee

38
Q

What type of policy had been declining in popularity following WWI?

A

progressivism

39
Q

Consumption per person : 1917

consumption per person : 1930

A

1917 : 2.6gallons per person

1930 : 1gallon per person

40
Q

successes in terms of incidents;

A
  • decrease in drunken workplace incidents

- decrease in arrests for drunkenness

41
Q

Where was prohibition largely ignored? Why was this?

A

in cities

large Catholic migrant populations

42
Q

Success :

How many illegal sills were seized in 1930?

A

282,000

43
Q

What was the term for homemade alcohol?

A

moonshine

44
Q

Deaths from alcohol poisoning :

1920 :

1926 :

A

1920 : under 100

1936 : 760

45
Q

Number of prohibition agents at any one time

What did this reflect

A

1,500-2,300

massive underfunding

46
Q

What fraction of prohibition agents were sacked?

Why was this?

A

1 in 12

for taking bribes

47
Q

Names of X3 successful prohibition agents

What was the value of illegal liquor seized between them?

How many arrests between them?

A
  • Moe Smith
  • Two Gun Hart
  • Einstein

= $15million
= 4,000 arrests

48
Q

When was the St Valentines Day Massacre?

How many died?

What was this an example of?

A

1929

7 died

inter-gang violence

49
Q

Success : of speakeasies

A

equality between races

although a by-product, not an aim

50
Q

Corruption in relation to prohibition within Harding’s administration

What did he do?

A

Remus
“king of bootleggers”

paid thousands to protect top government officials from prosecution

51
Q

What % of alcohol was intercepted?

A

5%

52
Q

How many were killed by ‘wood alcohol’ in NYC?

A

34

53
Q

What was the salary of prohibition agents? what did this make this susceptible to?

What was this in comparison to profits made by gangsters?

A

$2,500

Susceptible to bribery (10% accept bribes)

Gangsters made $2billion in profits annually

54
Q

Acts involved in the prohibition process;

A
  • LEVER ACT 1917
    stop use of grain in alcohol production
  • PROHIBITION ACT 1918
    stop alcohol consumption during war time
  • VOLSTEAD ACT Jan 1920
    stop manufacture / sale / transportation of alcohol
55
Q

Group against prohibition, what was their support like?

A

ASSOCIATION AGAINST THE PROHIBITION AMENDMENT

$$$ wealthy members
willing to use their influence to repeal legislation

56
Q

Who did the Association Against the Prohibition Amendment use their $$$ to support?

A

AL Smith and FDR

who campaigned in Presidential elections for return to ‘wet’

57
Q

How many attempts were required to repeal prohibition?

A

3

58
Q

What did many individuals begin to feel about individual liberties and prohibition?

A

began to value their individual liberties and freedoms more than morals and values

change in people’s priorities with greater prosperity of the 1920s

began protesting prohibitions ‘unconstitutional’ nature

59
Q

Case for end to prohibition during depression;

A
  • manufacture would generate jobs
  • taxes from sales
  • decreased money on enforcement
60
Q

When was prohibition amendment repealed?

A

December 1933

via 21st amendment

61
Q

How many states had enacted prohibition legislation prior to the Volstead Act?

A

32/50

62
Q

How much removed in tax revenue via prohibition?

A

$11billion

63
Q

What legacy remained after prohibition?

A

legacy of organised crime

moved into gambling / prohibition

64
Q

What commission was commissioned by Hoover in 1929?

A

Wickersham commission

65
Q

What did the Wickersham commission find?

A

prohibition had been a failure due to lack of federal, state and local police enforcement

66
Q

What did the Wickersham commission suggest?

A

tackling police corruption and organised crime

still suggesting retaining prohibition

67
Q

The American Society for the Promotion of Temperance had how many branches by mid-19th?

A

5,000 branches

68
Q

What was prohibition introduced as part of a package of?

A

Part of Democrats progressive zeal which attempted to control the morality of cities

part of plethora of progressive legislation
e.g also legislation against gambling

USA (33 decks)

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