KKK & Black Experience 1920s

Question 1

When was the KKK banned?

Answer 1

1871

Question 2

Under what laws were black’s subject to discrimination, segregation?

Answer 2

Jim Crow Laws enacted by certain individual states

Question 3

What suggests that the KKK were on so influential in determining immigration policy?

Answer 3

anti-immigration policies enacted before KKK revival

Question 4

What X3 aims of the KKK?

Answer 4

• defend American values
• preserve WASP supremacy
• continuation of confederacy

Question 5

What type of democrat was likely to support the KKK?

Answer 5

Southern Democrats

Question 6

Who wrote the Birth of a Nation?

Answer 6

Griffiths

Question 7

What did the Birth of a Nation depict?

Answer 7

• KKK protecting the South
• black man raping white woman
  = suggested stereotypical black man disobeyed the law

Question 8

What was the success of Brith of a Nation?

Answer 8

first ‘block buster” / “epic”

Question 9

Who re-founded the KKK?

Answer 9

Simmons

Question 10

Who wrote The Passing of the Great Race?

Answer 10

Grant

Question 11

When was Birth of a Nation released?

When was Passing of the Great Race published?

Answer 11

Birth of a Nation - 1915

PotGR - 1916

Question 12

What did Passing of the Great Race preach?

Answer 12

eugenics

pro-Anglo saxon stock

Question 13

KKK followers;

1921 -

1924 -

1929 -

Answer 13

1921 - 100,000

1924 - 4million

1929 - 200,000

Question 14

Where was support limited for KKK?

Answer 14

Pacific Coast

Question 15

What was notable about KKK spread geographically?

Answer 15

more nationwide than 1st wave

Question 16

Where was major support for KKK?

Answer 16

Midwest and Southwest

strongest in fastest growing cities

Question 17

What type of person was likely to support the KKK?

Answer 17

those with declining status

e.g minor professionals / clerks

Question 18

Allegedly the KKK had who under their political influence?

Answer 18

X5 US Senators and X4 Governors Klansmen
(at least)

11/13 elected candidates to US House in Indiana were backed by Klan in 1924

Question 19

What campaign did the KKK successfully weaken? Why?

Answer 19

Al Smith’s 1928 Presidential

Catholic

Question 20

What type of rallies / popularity did the KKK hold?

Answer 20

Often 20,000 - 70,000 people marches

e.g “Keep California White”

Question 21

What was notable about most members and violence?

Answer 21

Most did not engage

most repulsed

Question 22

Who was the Grand Dragon of Indiana?

Answer 22

Stephenson

Question 23

When was Stephenson found guilty of the rape of a white woman?

Answer 23

1925

Question 24

What did Stephenson’s conviction undermine?

Answer 24

the ‘moral crusade’ of the KKK

Question 25

How many lynchings during 1920s How many of these were African-Americans?

Answer 25

454 415 African-Americans

Question 26

What was notable about the lynchings during the 1920s?

Answer 26

Had been declining since their peak in 1890 No lynchings at all in some Klan strongholds e.g Indiana

Question 27

Where became the block centre of renaissance?

Answer 27

Harlem

Question 28

What did the black renaissance of Harlem help create?

Answer 28

"black consciousness"

Question 29

What did the spread of the culture created from the Harlem renaissance help to spread?

Answer 29

expressed social / economic grievances of blacks made whites away of the black experience

Question 30

Who became the KKK's imperial wizard from 1922?

Answer 30

Hiram Evans

Question 31

What work did Hiram Evans publish?

Answer 31

"The menace of modern immigration" 1923

Question 32

What immigration legislation is arguably a result of peak KKK popularity?

Answer 32

1924 Johnson Reed Act

Question 33

What were individual Klansmen organised into?

Answer 33

Klaverns

Question 34

Support in New England for the KKK shows that support was not...

Answer 34

confined to the South

Question 35

What did Indiana have which showed political influence of KKK?

Answer 35

Klan endorsed governor

Question 36

Profits of KKK in Indiana in 1924

Answer 36

$4.4million

Question 37

How many Republican senators stepped down following Stephenson's conviction? What does this suggest?

Answer 37

16 KKK had mass support within Congress and across both main political parties

Question 38

Despite the number of political figures backed by the Klan / who were Klansmen, what undermines the Klan's influence?

Answer 38

Questionable whether these figures were able to pass legislation which furthered the Klan's goals Several 1925 proposals unsuccessful e.g Bible Reading Bill

Question 39

Rather than a terrorist organisation, what can the Klan more accurately be seen as?

Answer 39

Social organisation with a successful multi-level marketing strategy which successfully exploited high levels of immigration and communist paranoia at the time

Question 40

What suggests that the Klan's popularity was heavily dependent on its marketing strategy

Answer 40

hired X2 publicists who adapted Klan's message from racial violence to casual racism and condemnation of immigrants

Question 41

When did the NAACP peak? How many members? How many groups was it organised into?

Answer 41

1919 peak 90,000 members 300 groups

Question 42

How many sharecroppers in the USA? How many were African-Americans?

Answer 42

8.5million sharecroppers 3million African-Americans

Question 43

What was notable about blacks and voting?

Answer 43

subject to literacy tests | meant that many who had the right to access the vote were unable to

Question 44

When did the UNIA peak? At what membership?

Answer 44

1921 peak 1million members

Question 45

What undermines the collective strength of the UNIA and NAACP?

Answer 45

Different ideologies UNIA segregationist and NAACP integrationist violence between movements

Question 46

What initiative did Evans try to set up in the late 1920s? What was this an attempt to do? Was it successful - what does this suggest?

Answer 46

"social club" initiative to boost KKK membership not successful - suggests KKK's lack of sizeable support

Question 47

When did Hiram Evans become the Imperial Wizard?

Answer 47

1922

Question 48

Who led the UNIA? What does UNIA stand for? When did it peak / at what membership?

Answer 48

UNIA led by GARVEY United Negro Improvement Association Peaked in 1921 at 1million members

Question 49

Who were the X2 publicists hired by the KKK?

Answer 49

Tyler and Clarke