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USA > KKK & Black Experience 1920s > Flashcards

KKK & Black Experience 1920s Flashcards

1
Q

When was the KKK banned?

A

1871

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2
Q

Under what laws were black’s subject to discrimination, segregation?

A

Jim Crow Laws enacted by certain individual states

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3
Q

What suggests that the KKK were on so influential in determining immigration policy?

A

anti-immigration policies enacted before KKK revival

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4
Q

What X3 aims of the KKK?

A
  • defend American values
  • preserve WASP supremacy
  • continuation of confederacy
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5
Q

What type of democrat was likely to support the KKK?

A

Southern Democrats

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6
Q

Who wrote the Birth of a Nation?

A

Griffiths

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7
Q

What did the Birth of a Nation depict?

A
  • KKK protecting the South
  • black man raping white woman
    = suggested stereotypical black man disobeyed the law
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8
Q

What was the success of Brith of a Nation?

A

first ‘block buster” / “epic”

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9
Q

Who re-founded the KKK?

A

Simmons

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10
Q

Who wrote The Passing of the Great Race?

A

Grant

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11
Q

When was Birth of a Nation released?

When was Passing of the Great Race published?

A

Birth of a Nation - 1915

PotGR - 1916

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12
Q

What did Passing of the Great Race preach?

A

eugenics

pro-Anglo saxon stock

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13
Q

KKK followers;

1921 -

1924 -

1929 -

A

1921 - 100,000

1924 - 4million

1929 - 200,000

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14
Q

Where was support limited for KKK?

A

Pacific Coast

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15
Q

What was notable about KKK spread geographically?

A

more nationwide than 1st wave

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16
Q

Where was major support for KKK?

A

Midwest and Southwest

strongest in fastest growing cities

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17
Q

What type of person was likely to support the KKK?

A

those with declining status

e.g minor professionals / clerks

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18
Q

Allegedly the KKK had who under their political influence?

A

X5 US Senators and X4 Governors Klansmen
(at least)

11/13 elected candidates to US House in Indiana were backed by Klan in 1924

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19
Q

What campaign did the KKK successfully weaken? Why?

A

Al Smith’s 1928 Presidential

Catholic

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20
Q

What type of rallies / popularity did the KKK hold?

A

Often 20,000 - 70,000 people marches

e.g “Keep California White”

21
Q

What was notable about most members and violence?

A

Most did not engage

most repulsed

22
Q

Who was the Grand Dragon of Indiana?

A

Stephenson

23
Q

When was Stephenson found guilty of the rape of a white woman?

A

1925

24
Q

What did Stephenson’s conviction undermine?

A

the ‘moral crusade’ of the KKK

25
Q

How many lynchings during 1920s

How many of these were African-Americans?

A

454

415 African-Americans

26
Q

What was notable about the lynchings during the 1920s?

A

Had been declining since their peak in 1890

No lynchings at all in some Klan strongholds
e.g Indiana

27
Q

Where became the block centre of renaissance?

A

Harlem

28
Q

What did the black renaissance of Harlem help create?

A

“black consciousness”

29
Q

What did the spread of the culture created from the Harlem renaissance help to spread?

A

expressed social / economic grievances of blacks

made whites away of the black experience

30
Q

Who became the KKK’s imperial wizard from 1922?

A

Hiram Evans

31
Q

What work did Hiram Evans publish?

A

“The menace of modern immigration” 1923

32
Q

What immigration legislation is arguably a result of peak KKK popularity?

A

1924 Johnson Reed Act

33
Q

What were individual Klansmen organised into?

A

Klaverns

34
Q

Support in New England for the KKK shows that support was not…

A

confined to the South

35
Q

What did Indiana have which showed political influence of KKK?

A

Klan endorsed governor

36
Q

Profits of KKK in Indiana in 1924

A

$4.4million

37
Q

How many Republican senators stepped down following Stephenson’s conviction?

What does this suggest?

A

16

KKK had mass support within Congress and across both main political parties

38
Q

Despite the number of political figures backed by the Klan / who were Klansmen, what undermines the Klan’s influence?

A

Questionable whether these figures were able to pass legislation which furthered the Klan’s goals

Several 1925 proposals unsuccessful
e.g Bible Reading Bill

39
Q

Rather than a terrorist organisation, what can the Klan more accurately be seen as?

A

Social organisation with a successful multi-level marketing strategy

which successfully exploited high levels of immigration and communist paranoia at the time

40
Q

What suggests that the Klan’s popularity was heavily dependent on its marketing strategy

A

hired X2 publicists who adapted Klan’s message from racial violence to casual racism and condemnation of immigrants

41
Q

When did the NAACP peak? How many members? How many groups was it organised into?

A

1919 peak

90,000 members

300 groups

42
Q

How many sharecroppers in the USA?

How many were African-Americans?

A

8.5million sharecroppers

3million African-Americans

43
Q

What was notable about blacks and voting?

A

subject to literacy tests

meant that many who had the right to access the vote were unable to

44
Q

When did the UNIA peak? At what membership?

A

1921 peak

1million members

45
Q

What undermines the collective strength of the UNIA and NAACP?

A

Different ideologies
UNIA segregationist and NAACP integrationist
violence between movements

46
Q

What initiative did Evans try to set up in the late 1920s?

What was this an attempt to do?

Was it successful - what does this suggest?

A

“social club” initiative

to boost KKK membership

not successful - suggests KKK’s lack of sizeable support

47
Q

When did Hiram Evans become the Imperial Wizard?

A

1922

48
Q

Who led the UNIA?

What does UNIA stand for?

When did it peak / at what membership?

A

UNIA led by GARVEY

United Negro Improvement Association

Peaked in 1921 at 1million members

49
Q

Who were the X2 publicists hired by the KKK?

A

Tyler and Clarke

USA (33 decks)

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