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USA > Supreme > Flashcards

Supreme Flashcards

1
Q

What type of solutions was the ND trying to create? What was there opposition to in relation to this?

A

National solutions

Opposition to centralisation and mass want for continued federalism

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2
Q

Name the 4 Horsemen

A
  • Devanter
  • McReynolds
  • Sutherland
  • Butler
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3
Q

Name the 3 Liberals

A
  • Stone
  • Cardozo
  • Brandeis
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4
Q

Name the 2 swing judges

A
  • roberts

- hughes

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5
Q

What was Hughes concerned with?

A

the preservation of the Supreme Court and its authority

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6
Q

Schechter Poultry decision - date and verdict

A

Black Monday May 1935

unanimous unconstitutional

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7
Q

Schechter Poultry decision against what New Deal body

A

NIRA

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8
Q

Franzier-Lemke Act did what

A

restricted banks ability to repossess farms

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9
Q

Franzier Lemke eventually ruled constitutional after

A

3yr moratorium added

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10
Q

Date : USA vs Butler

A

Jan 1936

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11
Q

What did USA vs Butler rule?

What was the scale of the verdict

A

AAA unconstitutional

6:3

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12
Q

What did the USA vs Butler decision trigger?

A

Soil Conservation Act 6 weeks later

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13
Q

When was New York’s minimum wage for children / women ruled unconstitutional ? What was the verdict?

A

June 1936

5:4

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14
Q

What reaction was received when New York’s minimum wage for children / women unconstitutional

A

mass fury from the public towards the Court

one of their most unpopular decisions

even condemned by Hoover

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15
Q

What did the 1936 election victory for FDR show?

A

mass topic was wage-hour legislation

victory for FDR showed that public opinion was not with the Supreme Court

showed President - not Court - spoke for nation’s interests

public will was for the continuation of government intervention

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16
Q

What did the 1936 election victory do within the Supreme Court?

A

worried Hughes who sought the Court’s preservation of authority

impressed Roberts by the dimensions of FDR’s landslide

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17
Q

What did FDR interpret his landslide victory as?

A

support of the ND

a call for him to overcome the obstacle of Supreme Court opposition

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18
Q

Voter turn out 1936

A

62%

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19
Q

FDR’s vote

A

61%

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20
Q

What happened to FDR’s negro vote 1932-36

A

X2

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21
Q

Landon’s vote

A

36.5%

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22
Q

Republican candidate 1936

A

Landon

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23
Q

Lemke’s vote

A

880,000

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24
Q

Who was Lemke the candidate for?

A

National Union of Social Justice

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25
Q

Browder’s votes

A

79,000

26
Q

How many laws invalidated pre 1935?

A

60

27
Q

How many laws invalidated in 18months 1935-36

A

11

28
Q

When did FDR announce his court packing plan?

A

Feb 1937

29
Q

Real name for court packing plan

A

judiciary reform bill

30
Q

How many new justices did Roosevelt seek the appointment of?

A

6

31
Q

Who died from the strain of pushing the bill through?

A

Senator Robinson

32
Q

What were congress increasingly suspicious of?

A

Roosevelt’s totalitarian line and inflated sense of political power

33
Q

Rejection of JRB

A

70:20

34
Q

Verdict for Franzier-Lemke

A

unconstitutional

9:0

35
Q

When was Washington’s minimum wage validated?

What was its verdict? Why was there this change?

A

March 1937

5:4 constitutional
Roberts switched - forming progressive majority

36
Q

When did FDR decide to turn towards supporting progressive majority more again?

A

following FDR’s landslide win

following Hughes advising Roberts

37
Q

What verdict followed the month after Washington’s wage validated

A

Wagner Act validated

38
Q

When was the Wagner Act validated?

What was the verdict

A

April 1937

5:4

39
Q

What was found constitutional in May 1937? By what verdict? What was notable about this?

A

Social Security Act

5:4

pensions previously ruled unconstitutional in 1936
this verdict reversed this

40
Q

What Act was surprisingly passed by the Court following the Wagner / SSA / Washington wage?

A

Fair Labour Standards Act

41
Q

What was the order of the act’s being found constitutional?
March 1937
April 1937
May 1937

A

March 1937 - Washington wage
April 1937 - Wagner
May 1937 - SSA

42
Q

What happened to do with court composition in 1937?

A

Devanter decided to retire

Roosevelt able to appoint his first S.C judge

43
Q

What happened beginning of 1938 with court composition

A

2nd judge retired from horsemen

by beginning 1938 FDR had 2 judges of his appointment within the court

clear progressive majority

44
Q

When was the Court Packing bill ruled unconstitutional

How was this decision influenced by its timing?

A

June 1937

following several rulings pro-New Deal
following Devanter’s decision to retire
following Robinson’s death

45
Q

What did Tindall refer to the Court crisis as?

A

FDR’s Pyrrhic victory

46
Q

Ultimately FDR lost the battle for the JRB..but won the war for…

A

the continuation of progressivism and government intervention

47
Q

Key success of Court Packing Plan & associated evaluation point

A

staved off expected invalidation of Social Security and Wagner Acts

arguably was due to FDR’s mass election victory - not only the threat of the Plan itself

48
Q

Major disadvantages of the JRB

A
  • seen by congress as authoritarian and dictatorial
  • middle class and Southern Democrats begin to turn away
  • division of Democrats
    alliance between N.Republicans and S.Democrats
49
Q

In 1937 what act did not pass / receive FDR’s support since FDR did not want to push S.Democrats further away?

A

Anti-Lynching Bill

50
Q

What projects were abandoned after JRB?

A

several mock TVA projects

51
Q

When did FDR hold a Special Congressional Session where none of his legislation was passed? Why was this of limited importance?

A

November 1937

major pillars of FDR’s New Deal passed and remained intact (e.g Wagner / SSA)

52
Q

When was the Fair Labour Standards Act passed?

A

1938

53
Q

Who replaced Devanter? What was he the architect of?

A

Black

Fair Labour Standards Act

54
Q

How many people’s wages were raised by the Fair Labour Standards Act?

A

300,000

55
Q

How many peoples hours were reduced due to Fair Labour Standards Act?

A

1.3million

56
Q

When was the 2nd AAA introduced?

A

1938

57
Q

What happened in the 1938 Congressional Elections?

A

FDR attempted to unseat several conservatives
failed almost totally

Republicans gained X8 Senate Seats

Republicans doubled their representation in the House of Representatives

58
Q

when did the Supreme Court rule sit down strikes illegal?

A

1939

59
Q

What does the passing of the 2nd AAA show about the Supreme Court’s influence?

A

unable to change the direction of the New Deal

60
Q

What did the 2nd AAA entail?

A

quota system

commodity credit corporation

61
Q

When was the 2nd AAA passed?

A

1938

62
Q

What 2 Acts demonstrate how the Supreme Court was unable to change the direction of the New Deal? When were these passed?

A

2nd AAA

Fair Labor Standards Act

1938

USA (33 decks)

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