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Supreme Flashcards

1
Q

What type of solutions was the ND trying to create? What was there opposition to in relation to this?

A

National solutions

Opposition to centralisation and mass want for continued federalism

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2
Q

Name the 4 Horsemen

A
  • Devanter
  • McReynolds
  • Sutherland
  • Butler
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3
Q

Name the 3 Liberals

A
  • Stone
  • Cardozo
  • Brandeis
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4
Q

Name the 2 swing judges

A
  • roberts

- hughes

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5
Q

What was Hughes concerned with?

A

the preservation of the Supreme Court and its authority

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6
Q

Schechter Poultry decision - date and verdict

A

Black Monday May 1935

unanimous unconstitutional

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7
Q

Schechter Poultry decision against what New Deal body

A

NIRA

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8
Q

Franzier-Lemke Act did what

A

restricted banks ability to repossess farms

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9
Q

Franzier Lemke eventually ruled constitutional after

A

3yr moratorium added

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10
Q

Date : USA vs Butler

A

Jan 1936

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11
Q

What did USA vs Butler rule?

What was the scale of the verdict

A

AAA unconstitutional

6:3

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12
Q

What did the USA vs Butler decision trigger?

A

Soil Conservation Act 6 weeks later

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13
Q

When was New York’s minimum wage for children / women ruled unconstitutional ? What was the verdict?

A

June 1936

5:4

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14
Q

What reaction was received when New York’s minimum wage for children / women unconstitutional

A

mass fury from the public towards the Court

one of their most unpopular decisions

even condemned by Hoover

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15
Q

What did the 1936 election victory for FDR show?

A

mass topic was wage-hour legislation

victory for FDR showed that public opinion was not with the Supreme Court

showed President - not Court - spoke for nation’s interests

public will was for the continuation of government intervention

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16
Q

What did the 1936 election victory do within the Supreme Court?

A

worried Hughes who sought the Court’s preservation of authority

impressed Roberts by the dimensions of FDR’s landslide

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17
Q

What did FDR interpret his landslide victory as?

A

support of the ND

a call for him to overcome the obstacle of Supreme Court opposition

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18
Q

Voter turn out 1936

A

62%

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19
Q

FDR’s vote

A

61%

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20
Q

What happened to FDR’s negro vote 1932-36

A

X2

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21
Q

Landon’s vote

A

36.5%

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22
Q

Republican candidate 1936

A

Landon

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23
Q

Lemke’s vote

A

880,000

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24
Q

Who was Lemke the candidate for?

A

National Union of Social Justice

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25
Browder's votes
79,000
26
How many laws invalidated pre 1935?
60
27
How many laws invalidated in 18months 1935-36
11
28
When did FDR announce his court packing plan?
Feb 1937
29
Real name for court packing plan
judiciary reform bill
30
How many new justices did Roosevelt seek the appointment of?
6
31
Who died from the strain of pushing the bill through?
Senator Robinson
32
What were congress increasingly suspicious of?
Roosevelt's totalitarian line and inflated sense of political power
33
Rejection of JRB
70:20
34
Verdict for Franzier-Lemke
unconstitutional 9:0
35
When was Washington's minimum wage validated? What was its verdict? Why was there this change?
March 1937 5:4 constitutional Roberts switched - forming progressive majority
36
When did FDR decide to turn towards supporting progressive majority more again?
following FDR's landslide win following Hughes advising Roberts
37
What verdict followed the month after Washington's wage validated
Wagner Act validated
38
When was the Wagner Act validated? What was the verdict
April 1937 5:4
39
What was found constitutional in May 1937? By what verdict? What was notable about this?
Social Security Act 5:4 pensions previously ruled unconstitutional in 1936 this verdict reversed this
40
What Act was surprisingly passed by the Court following the Wagner / SSA / Washington wage?
Fair Labour Standards Act
41
What was the order of the act's being found constitutional? March 1937 April 1937 May 1937
March 1937 - Washington wage April 1937 - Wagner May 1937 - SSA
42
What happened to do with court composition in 1937?
Devanter decided to retire Roosevelt able to appoint his first S.C judge
43
What happened beginning of 1938 with court composition
2nd judge retired from horsemen by beginning 1938 FDR had 2 judges of his appointment within the court clear progressive majority
44
When was the Court Packing bill ruled unconstitutional How was this decision influenced by its timing?
June 1937 following several rulings pro-New Deal following Devanter's decision to retire following Robinson's death
45
What did Tindall refer to the Court crisis as?
FDR's Pyrrhic victory
46
Ultimately FDR lost the battle for the JRB..but won the war for...
the continuation of progressivism and government intervention
47
Key success of Court Packing Plan & associated evaluation point
staved off expected invalidation of Social Security and Wagner Acts arguably was due to FDR's mass election victory - not only the threat of the Plan itself
48
Major disadvantages of the JRB
- seen by congress as authoritarian and dictatorial - middle class and Southern Democrats begin to turn away - division of Democrats alliance between N.Republicans and S.Democrats
49
In 1937 what act did not pass / receive FDR's support since FDR did not want to push S.Democrats further away?
Anti-Lynching Bill
50
What projects were abandoned after JRB?
several mock TVA projects
51
When did FDR hold a Special Congressional Session where none of his legislation was passed? Why was this of limited importance?
November 1937 major pillars of FDR's New Deal passed and remained intact (e.g Wagner / SSA)
52
When was the Fair Labour Standards Act passed?
1938
53
Who replaced Devanter? What was he the architect of?
Black Fair Labour Standards Act
54
How many people's wages were raised by the Fair Labour Standards Act?
300,000
55
How many peoples hours were reduced due to Fair Labour Standards Act?
1.3million
56
When was the 2nd AAA introduced?
1938
57
What happened in the 1938 Congressional Elections?
FDR attempted to unseat several conservatives failed almost totally Republicans gained X8 Senate Seats Republicans doubled their representation in the House of Representatives
58
when did the Supreme Court rule sit down strikes illegal?
1939
59
What does the passing of the 2nd AAA show about the Supreme Court's influence?
unable to change the direction of the New Deal
60
What did the 2nd AAA entail?
quota system commodity credit corporation
61
When was the 2nd AAA passed?
1938
62
What 2 Acts demonstrate how the Supreme Court was unable to change the direction of the New Deal? When were these passed?
2nd AAA Fair Labor Standards Act 1938

USA (33 decks)

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