Thrall chapter 47 small bowel Flashcards
1) What is the normal diameter of feline small bowel based on radiographic measurements?
a) <1.6x the minimal height of L5
b) <2x the minimal height of L2
c) <2x the height of the vertebral end plate of L2
d) Less than or equal to 12 mm
c,d
2) What percentage of non- fasted cats have gas within approximately at least 25% of their small bowel?
a) 15%
b) 35%
c) 50%
d) 65%
d
3) In young cats, an additional asymmetric hypoechoic submucosal layer is sometimes seen in the ileum and proximal jejunum ultrasonographically, what is this likely to represent?
a) Lymphoid follicles
b) Fibrosis
c) Myenteric plexus
d) Nerves and blood vessels
a
4) What is the normal thickness of the jejunal wall in a 20-29.9kg normal dog?
a) Less than or equal to 4.1
b) Less than or equal to 4.4
c) Less than or equal to 4.6
d) Less than or equal to 4.2
4) B (pennick 3-3.8, bigger in larger dogs)
5) What is the maximal thickness of the ileum in normal cats (mm)?
a) 3.59
b) 3.5
c) 3
d) 2.59
a
6) What is the maximal normal jejunal lymph node diameter in cats?
a) 4mm
b) 4.5mm
c) 4.8mm (3.0-10)
d) 5mm (2.8-7.2)
d
7) What is the most common cause of the gravel sign in older cats?
a) Ileal adenocarcinoma
b) Mechanical obstruction by a hairball
c) Duodenal adenocarcinoma
d) Megacolon
a
8) A jejunal sersoa-serosa measurement above what amount on ultrasound should raise suspicion of a mechanical obstruction in dogs (lowest suspicious value)?
a) 1cm
b) 1.25cm
c) 1.3cm
d) 1.5cm
d
9) Which of these is not a commonly seen in dogs with parvovirus ultrasonographically?
a) Normal jejunal lymph nodes
b) normal mucosal layer
c) indistinct jejunal wall layers
d) normal total wall thickness
9) B- the mucosa is often hyperechoic, and irregular esp in duodenum, often the mucosal layers in the duodenum and jejunum is thin.
which ligament holds the cranial duodenal flexure in place?
a) pancreatoduodenal ligament
b) renoduodenal ligament
c) gastroduodenal ligament
d) hepatoduodenal ligament
D
the initial portion of the ascending duodenum is held in place by what?
a) it is not held in place
b) duodenocolic ligament
c) duodenocaecal ligament
d) duodenoilial ligament
B
what’s your diagnosis
pseudoulcers
how much gas would you expect to find in the intestines of fasted dogs?
a) 30-60% of the small bowel content could be gas
b) 20-40% of the small bowel content could be gas
c) 30-50% of the small bowel content could be gas
d) 15-80% of the small bowel content could be gas
A
JSAP (2024); 1-10. Which of the following variables has been shown to be associated with increased technical success of gastrointestinal ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration?
A: Loss of wall layering
B: Jejunal location
C: Experience of the ultrasonographer
D: Description of a mass
D
What is the prevalence of hyperechogenicity of the pyloroduodenal junction in small breed dogs?
85.7%
90.2%
66.7%
43.5%
85.7%
Investigation of scan delays for CT evaluation of inner wall layering and peak enhancement of the canine stomach and small intestines using a 20 second fixed-injection-duration and bolus tracking technique (VRU 2022) From this study by Siow, what was the recommend scan delay, post aortic tracking, to best detect inner wall-layering of the stomach and small intestines?
40s gastric, 10-15s small intestines
180s gastric, 20-25s small intestines
30s gastric, 30-40s small intestines
15s gastric, 30-40s small intestines
40s gastric, 10-15s small intestines
Clinical features and outcomes of dogs with attempted medical management for discrete gastrointestinal foreign material: 68 cases (2018–2023) (2024). Which of the follwing is the most correct regarding medical management of gastrointestinal foreign bodies?
Linear foreign bodies were successfully medically managed 50% of the time
Gastric and intestinal dilation always resolved in patients with successful medical management, in contrast to a previous study
The degree of intestinal dilation was similar between cases where medical management was successful and not successful
Intestinal dilation was seen in all cases, regardless of foreign body location.
Gastric and intestinal dilation always resolved in patients with successful medical management, in contrast to a previous study
what is the height of the duodenal papilla in healthy cats?
a) 4mm
b) 2.4 +/- 0.63
c) 3mm =+/- 0.57
d) 5mm
B. The dimensions of the DP were a mean ± SD width of 3.13 ± 0.68 mm and height of 2.47 ± 0.63 mm in the transverse section, and length of 3.98 ± 1.27 mm and height of 2.44 ± 0.57 mm in the longitudinal section. The DP was homogeneous, subjectively isoechoic to fat and had a round and oval shape in the transverse and longitudinal sections, respectively. There was no correlation between the DP measurements and the weight, age or sex of the cats. The animals that were fed a mixed diet had a longer DP than those fed dry food. (from 2022)
which lymph nodes drain the ileum and jejunum in the dog?
a) jejunal, ileocolic
b) jejunal, colic
c) jejunal, ileocecal
d) jejunal, hepatic, colic
B. no ileocecal in the dog. the right colic is closest to the iccj in the dog
when doing an upper GI contrast study, contrast should start to be visible in the jejunum by what time point?
a) 15mins
b) 30 mins
c) 1 hr
d) 2hrs
b, at least 30 mins
a intestinal:L5 ratio of 1.95 has what probability of mechanical obstruction?
a) 40-50%
b) 66-78%
c) 86-90%
d) 77-80%
D.
ratio of 2.07= 86-90%
Name the common neoplasias of the small intestines (4)
Adenocarcinoma, lymphosarcoma, mastocytoma, GIST, leiomyoma, leiomyosarcoma
Name three mycotic infections that can cause intestinal mass lesions
Histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, pythiosis
True or false, non infectious intestinal granulomas are rare in dogs and cats
True
Name two causes of calcification of the intestinal wall
Metastatic calcification from hypercalcaemia (inc heterobilzaria/ schistosomiasis, rat poisoning, vit d tox etc) primary renal disease
Name two types of intestinal congenital anomaly
Duplication cyst and diverticulum
What is the difference between a duplication cyst and a diverticulum of the intestine?
Diverticula are usually on the mesenteric side and diverticula on the antimesenteric side
