Thrall Chapter 31 Thoracic wall

Question 1

1) Congenital sternal abnormalities have been associated with what other disease/ abnormality (can be more than one)?
a) Gastroesophageal intussusception
b) Peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia
c) Oesophageal hiatal hernia
d) Swimmer’s syndrome

Answer 1

B D

Question 2

2) True or false, pectus excavatum is not always congenital?
a) True
b) False

Answer 2

2) A- can be acquired with chronic inspiratory dyspnoea eg laryngeal paralysis

Question 3

3) Which of the following is incorrect regarding thoracic wall masses
a) They create an extrapleural sign, characterized by a well defined intrathoracic mass with a convex margin facing the lung
b) They arise peripheral to the parietal pleura
c) They most commonly arise from the intercostal musculature and blood vessels
d) They most commonly arise from the ribs

Answer 3

C

Question 4

4) True or false; there are two synovial joints between the rib and the spine?
a) True
b) False

Answer 4

4) A- Costovertebral joint between the rib head and the costal vertebral facet (hinge joint) – Costotransverse joint between the tubercle and the transverse process of the vertebra (sliding joint)

Question 5

5) Primary neoplasia of the rib is often in what location?
a) Proximal third of the rib
b) Middle third of the rib
c) Distal third of the rib
d) Costovertebral joint

Answer 5

C

Question 6

6) Define flail chest?
a) Two or more ribs broken in two or more places.
b) Two or more adjacent ribs broken in two or more places.
c) Three or more ribs broken in two or more places.
d) Three or more adjacent ribs broken in two or more places.

Answer 6

6) B but d in humans

Question 7

7) Mesenchymal tumour metastasis to the ribs are…
a) Often osteoproductive
b) Often osteolytic
c) Most often spread via lymphatics
d) Most often from local spread from pulmonary masses

Answer 7

b is correct. usually spread via haematogenously

Question 8

8) In the paper by Cordella et al (CT features of primary bone neoplasia of the thoracic wall in dogs), which was the most common malignant neoplasm?
a) Osteosarcoma
b) Chondrosarcoma
c) Fibrosarcoma
d) haemangiosarcoma

Answer 8

A

Question 9

What has been reported to be an underlying cause of pectus excavatum in a dog?

Tracheal collapse

Laryngeal paralysis

Esophageal mass

Chronic bronchitis

Answer 9

laryngeal paralysis

Question 10

Which location is most common for spontaneous rib fractures in cats?

Mid-portion, 9-12th

Dorsal portion 6-10th

Mid portion, 7-13th

Cranial portion, 4-8th

Answer 10

mid portion 9-12

Question 11

What is a commonly reported secondary finding of rib tumors?

Thoracic lymphadenomegaly

Pleural effusion

Vertebral metastasis

Pleuritis

Answer 11

pleural effusion

Question 12

What is a rare reported complication of thoracic wall surgery in young large breed dogs (e.g. GSD)?

Calcinosis circumscripta

Fibrosarcoma

Pneumomediastinum

Rib tumor

Answer 12

calcinosis circumscripta

Question 13

How many sternebral segments is there normally?

5

6

7

8

Answer 13

8

Question 14

Metastatic lesions affecting the ribs are (can be more than one correct answer):

Often lytic

Associated with periosteal reaction

Are associated with pleural effusion

Have a large soft tissue mass effect

Answer 14

lytic and periosteal reaction. The other two are from primary tumours

Question 15

Which of the following findings in rib fractures may make you suspicious of neoplastic process rather than a traumatic cause?

Rounded fracture margins

Overriding rib margins

Focal periosteal changes

Single rib involved

Answer 15

single rib should make you suspicious