Thrall chapter 46 Stomach Flashcards
1) In a VD projection of the abdomen, where is the approximate location of the pyloric sphincter in a normal adult dog?
a) The right cranial abdominal quadrant, at the level of the 10th and 11th ribs
b) The right cranial abdominal quadrant, at the level of the 11th and 12th ribs
c) The left cranial abdominal quadrant, at the level of the 10th and 11th ribs
d) The right cranial abdominal quadrant, at the level of the 8th and 9th ribs
a
2) Pneumogastrography is useful to assess for what abnormalities?
a) Gastric motility disorders
b) Gastric foreign bodies
c) Gastric malposition
d) Gastric pneumatosis
b,c
3) When performing positive contrast gastrography with barium sulphate suspension to assess gastric emptying, what dose of barium should be used in cats?
a) 8-12ml/kg
b) 5-7ml/kg
c) 12-20ml/kg
d) 1-2ml/kg
c
4) In normal unsedated dogs undergoing positive contrast gastrography with barium sulphate suspension, what is the maximal time it should take for the stomach to empty?
a) 2hrs
b) 2.5hrs
c) 3.5hrs
d) 4hrs
d. should start emptying within 15 mins
5) In a radiograph of a patient with a GDV, where is the pylorus usually positioned compared to its normal position?
a) Ventrally, caudally and still on the right
b) dorsally, cranially and to the left
c) ventrally caudally and to the left
d) dorsally, caudally and to the left
b
6) Which of the following are signs of restrictive pyloric obstruction on contrast radiographs?
a) Tube sign
b) Donut sign
c) Beak sign
d) String sign
c,d
7) Muscularis thickness above what measurement is suggestive of pyloric hypertrophy?
a) 3mm
b) 4mm
c) 5mm
d) 8mm
a
8) What is the greatest risk factor for the development of peptic/benign ulcers in dogs?
a) Gastric adenocarcinoma
b) Gastric lymphoma
c) Use of NSAIDs
d) Use of prednisolone
c
9) What is the most common malignant gastric tumour in a dog?
a) Fibrosarcoma
b) Mast cell tumour
c) Adenocarcinoma
d) Leiomyosarcoma
c
10) Heterobilharzia americana typically affects which layers of the stomach and how does it appear ultrasonographically?
a) Thin hypoechoic areas of mineralization in the serosal layer
b) Thick hyperechoic areas of mineralization circumferentially in the submucosa and muscularis
c) Thick hyperechoic areas of mineralization circumferentially in the muscularis
d) Thick hyperechoic areas of mineralization circumferentially in the submucosa
b
In a VD projection, where should the gas be located in the stomach?
a) cardia
b) cardia and fundus
c) pyloric antrum and body
d) fundus and body
c
what is the arrow pointing out in this image? gas or fat?
submucosal fat, seen in 35% of normal cat rads
When performing positive contrast gastrography with barium sulphate suspension to assess gastric emptying, what dose of barium should be used in small and medium dogs?
a) 5-7mL/kg
b) 1-2mL/kg
c) 8-12mL/kg
d) 12-20mL/kg
c, 5-7 for big dogs
When performing positive contrast gastrography with iodinated media to assess gastric emptying, what dose of barium should be used?
a) 2-3ml/kg, 700mgI/kg
b) 1ml/kg, 500mgI/kg
c) 5-10ml/kg, 1400mgI/kg
d) 7ml/kg, 700mgI/kg
A. if the contrast is diluted (1:4) the dose should be increased to 6-12mL/kg. to just assess stomach position, less can be used.
true or false, gastric emptying is faster for dry food than wet food?
false, gastric emptying with dry food can take 16hrs.
in a normal dog, how many peristaltic waves should be seen per minute in the stomach?
a) 1-2
b) 2-4
c) 4-5
d) 5-7
c
cranial displacement of the stomach axis does not occur in which disease?
a) mass effect caudal to the stomach
b) congenital diaphragmatic hernia
c) microhepatica
A
which type of hiatal hernia is most common in dogs and cats?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
answer: 1. sliding hiatal hernia.
2 is a paraoesphageal hernia
3 is a combination of the two
what is the most likely diagnosis?
PPDH
what are the differentials for this LLR projection?
ans: gastrogastric intussusception/ pylorogastric intussusception, try to differentiate from pyloric foreign body (indented)
gas within the stomach wall has a ___ specificity and a ___ sensitivity for gastric wall necrosis?
high specificify, low sensitivity
what diseases can cause chronic pyloric outflow tract obstruction (at least 3)?
hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, pylorospasm, inflammation, fibrosis, neoplasia, mucosal antral hypertrophy, disease of the pancreas and duodenum can also cause it
what are these signs?
beak sign, tit sign
if you can see a gastric ulcer on radiographs which is true?
a) it is most likely malignant
b) it is most likely benign
A, but either could occur
what are your differentials?
uraemic gastropathy or Heterobilharzia americana
What is pseudolayering of the stomach wall, and what is it associated with?
a. A radiologic artifact seen in barium studies of the stomach, typically associated with gastritis
b. A pattern seen on endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) indicating chronic gastric ulceration
c. The appearance of alternating hyperdense/echoic and hypodense/echoic layers, associated with gastric carcinoma
d. A normal anatomical variant of the stomach wall seen on CT, associated with gastric polyps
C
What is the most common primary gastric malignant neoplasm and its most common location in the dog?
Carcinoma, fundus
Sarcoma, pylorus
Adenocarcinoma, pylorus
Sarcoma fundus
Adenocarcinoma, pylorus
What is the normal thickness of the stomach in cats?
Up to 3mm
Up to 5 mm
Up to 7mm
Up to 10mm
up to 5mm
In immature dogs, the pylorus may be _________ compared to adults
More ventrally positioned
More dorsally positioned
More towards midline
More towards the body wall
more midline
