Thrall chapter 46 Stomach Flashcards
1) In a VD projection of the abdomen, where is the approximate location of the pyloric sphincter in a normal adult dog?
a) The right cranial abdominal quadrant, at the level of the 10th and 11th ribs
b) The right cranial abdominal quadrant, at the level of the 11th and 12th ribs
c) The left cranial abdominal quadrant, at the level of the 10th and 11th ribs
d) The right cranial abdominal quadrant, at the level of the 8th and 9th ribs
a
2) Pneumogastrography is useful to assess for what abnormalities?
a) Gastric motility disorders
b) Gastric foreign bodies
c) Gastric malposition
d) Gastric pneumatosis
b,c
3) When performing positive contrast gastrography with barium sulphate suspension to assess gastric emptying, what dose of barium should be used in cats?
a) 8-12ml/kg
b) 5-7ml/kg
c) 12-20ml/kg
d) 1-2ml/kg
c
4) In normal unsedated dogs undergoing positive contrast gastrography with barium sulphate suspension, what is the maximal time it should take for the stomach to empty?
a) 2hrs
b) 2.5hrs
c) 3.5hrs
d) 4hrs
d. should start emptying within 15 mins
5) In a radiograph of a patient with a GDV, where is the pylorus usually positioned compared to its normal position?
a) Ventrally, caudally and still on the right
b) dorsally, cranially and to the left
c) ventrally caudally and to the left
d) dorsally, caudally and to the left
b
6) Which of the following are signs of restrictive pyloric obstruction on contrast radiographs?
a) Tube sign
b) Donut sign
c) Beak sign
d) String sign
c,d
7) Muscularis thickness above what measurement is suggestive of pyloric hypertrophy?
a) 3mm
b) 4mm
c) 5mm
d) 8mm
a
8) What is the greatest risk factor for the development of peptic/benign ulcers in dogs?
a) Gastric adenocarcinoma
b) Gastric lymphoma
c) Use of NSAIDs
d) Use of prednisolone
c
9) What is the most common malignant gastric tumour in a dog?
a) Fibrosarcoma
b) Mast cell tumour
c) Adenocarcinoma
d) Leiomyosarcoma
c
10) Heterobilharzia americana typically affects which layers of the stomach and how does it appear ultrasonographically?
a) Thin hypoechoic areas of mineralization in the serosal layer
b) Thick hyperechoic areas of mineralization circumferentially in the submucosa and muscularis
c) Thick hyperechoic areas of mineralization circumferentially in the muscularis
d) Thick hyperechoic areas of mineralization circumferentially in the submucosa
b
In a VD projection, where should the gas be located in the stomach?
a) cardia
b) cardia and fundus
c) pyloric antrum and body
d) fundus and body
c
what is the arrow pointing out in this image? gas or fat?
submucosal fat, seen in 35% of normal cat rads
When performing positive contrast gastrography with barium sulphate suspension to assess gastric emptying, what dose of barium should be used in small and medium dogs?
a) 5-7mL/kg
b) 1-2mL/kg
c) 8-12mL/kg
d) 12-20mL/kg
c, 5-7 for big dogs
When performing positive contrast gastrography with iodinated media to assess gastric emptying, what dose of barium should be used?
a) 2-3ml/kg, 700mgI/kg
b) 1ml/kg, 500mgI/kg
c) 5-10ml/kg, 1400mgI/kg
d) 7ml/kg, 700mgI/kg
A. if the contrast is diluted (1:4) the dose should be increased to 6-12mL/kg. to just assess stomach position, less can be used.
true or false, gastric emptying is faster for dry food than wet food?
false, gastric emptying with dry food can take 16hrs.
what is the most likely diagnosis?
PPDH
what are the differentials for this LLR projection?
ans: gastrogastric intussusception/ pylorogastric intussusception, try to differentiate from pyloric foreign body (indented)
what are these signs?
beak sign, tit sign
what are your differentials?
uraemic gastropathy or Heterobilharzia americana
