Thrall Chapter 39 Peritoneal space Flashcards

1
Q

1) Which of the following are retroperitoneal?
a) Stomach
b) Adrenal glands
c) Ureters
d) Ovaries

A

B,c. peritoneal- liver, gb, spleen, stomach, most of GIT, ovaries, pancreas. retro- kidneys, ureters, adrenals, major blood vessels. thrall says the ventral part of the prostate is retroperitoneal. ovaries are also questionable.

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2
Q

2) The mesenteric root is usually below which lumbar vertebrae?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

A

B

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3
Q

3) Which of the following is not a ligament that attaches the liver to the diaphragm?
a) Diaphragmatic-hepatic
b) Triangular
c) Coronary
d) Falciform

A

A-made up

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4
Q

4) How long can proteinaceous fluids take to be reabsorbed by the body?
a) 24 hours
b) 3-5 days
c) Up to 1 week
d) 1-2 weeks

A

D

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5
Q

5) Steatitis in cats can be caused by a disorder of which vitamin?
a) A
b) D
c) E
d) C

A

c- if low

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6
Q

6) What is the most common primary tumour in the retroperitoneal space?
a) Renal carcinoma
b) Renal lymphoma
c) Lipoma
d) Leiomyoma

A

c

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7
Q

7) Horizontal beam radiographs to look for free peritoneal gas are not recommended with the animal in which recumbency?
a) Right lateral
b) Left lateral
c) Sternal

A

7) A as gas can be confused with gas in the fundus. the best is dorsal recumbency.

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8
Q

8) In dogs, what is the generally accepted minimal amount of air that can be seen in the peritoneal space using ultrasound?
a) 0.2ml
b) 0.4ml
c) 0.6ml
d) 0.8ml

A

B

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9
Q

9) The most common cause of medial iliac lymphadenopathy is…
a) Anal gland infection
b) UTI
c) Neoplasia
d) Discospondylitis

A

C

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10
Q

10) Medial iliac lymph nodes with a resistive index greater than__ are more likely to be neoplastic.
a) 0.475
b) 0.675
c) 0.857
d) 0.957

A

B

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11
Q

11) Which of the following statements is false regarding canine pancreatitis?
a) Dogs with pancreatitis that underwent CT which showed homogenous contrast enhancement and poorly- defined borders of the pancreas had an overall poorer outcome
b) Ultrasonographicaly, the pancreas can be enlarged, hypoechoic with hyperechoic surrounding mesentery
c) The pancreas can appear normal on ultrasound
d) Radiographically, it can cause the sentinel loop sign, but this is not definitive for pancreatitis

A

11) A. heterogenous had a worse outcome

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12
Q

12) True or false, treatment of hyperadrenocorticism with trilostane can cause an initial increase in adrenal gland size?
a) True
b) False

A

12) A, maximal size usually seen at 6 weeks post starting tx. then static size and irregular margins and parenchyma. mitotane can cause shrinkage of the glands.

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13
Q

differentials for adrenal masses

A

adenona, nodular hyperplasia, carcinoma (inactive or secreting hormona), granuloma, met, pheo, less likely myelolipoma, haemangioma

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14
Q

13) Mesocestoides infection has not been shown to cause what changes on abdominal ultrasound?
a) Abdominal effusion
b) Multiple variably sized nodules in the liver
c) Rounded to cylindrical cystic structures which were both free floating and adherent to the serous surfaces
d) Hyperechoic mesenteric fat.

A

b, could also potentially cause peritonitis due to perforation of the intestinal wall.

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15
Q

true or false, hypocalcaemia can result in steatitis?

A

true if severe, can also cause hyperechoic masses which don’t look like part of an organ in the abdominal cavity.

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16
Q

what are the most common causes of retroperitoneal fluid?

A

haemorrhage (eg rodenticide, trauma) and urine leakage

17
Q

after injection of air in to the peritoneal cavity, how long can the gas still be seen for?

A

25 days, less for smaller volumes, more for larger volumes

18
Q

which of the following is not part of the celiac lymphocentre?
hepatic
pancreaticoduodenal
jejunal
splenic

A

jejunal. the celiac lymph centre is all lymph nodes serving organs supplied by the celiac artery0 liver, spleen, gastric, pancreaticoduodenal.

19
Q

where do the jejunal lymph nodes receive afferent lymphatics from?

A

jejunum, ilieum, pancreas.

20
Q

how can you tell between nodular hyperplasia and neoplasia of the pancreas in cats on ultrasound?
a) neoplasia has a heterogeneous echogenicity
b) neoplasia is usually a single nodule with at least one dimension more than 2cm
c) nodular hyperplasia is usually only in the body of the pancreas

A

B

21
Q

true or false, ectopic splenic tissue within the pancreas is a common finding?

A

it is rare but can happen and can be mistaken for tumour

22
Q

what percentage of insulinomas can be detected on ultrasound?
a) 10%
b) 30%
c) 68%
d) 80%

A

B

23
Q

which is true for CEUS in relation to pancreatic neoplasia?
a) insulinomas are hypervascular and adenocarcinomas are hypovascular
b) insulinomas are hypovascular and adenocarcinomas are hypervascular
c) insulinomas are hypervascular and adenocarcinomas are hypervascular
d) insulinomas are hypovascular and adenocarcinomas are hypovascular

A

A

24
Q

which zones of the adrenal produce which hormones?

A

The zona glomerulosa (outer layer) produces mineralocorticoids, the zona fasciculata (middle layer) produces glucocorticoids, and the zona reticularis produces androgen precursors

25
Q

true or false, adrenal gland tumour can be bilateral

A

true