Thrall chapter 32 Diaphragm

Question 1

1) How many muscles make up the diaphragm?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

Answer 1

1) C pars sternalis, pars costalis, par lumbalis

Question 2

2) Which of these statements is false about the pars lumbalis
a) It attaches to the cranioventral border of L4
b) It is the part of the diaphragm that makes up the right and left crura
c) The Attachment area on the vertebrae can appear indistinct and be mistaken for bone lysis
d) It attaches to the body of L2 and 3

Answer 2

2) D only to l3 and l4

Question 3

3) Which of the following does not pass through the aortic hiatus?
a) Vagal nerve trunk
b) Hemiazygous veins
c) Lumbar cistern of the thoracic duct
d) Azygous vein

Answer 3

3) A- goes in to oesophageal hiatus

Question 4

4) Caudal diaphragmatic displacement is usually associated with which diseases?
a) Diaphragmatic paralysis
b) Abdominal disease
c) Trauma
d) Respiratory disease

Answer 4

D

Question 5

5) True or false, traumatic diaphragmatic hernias usually involve the tendinous portion of the diaphragm?
a) True
b) False

Answer 5

5) B false, it is usually muscular

Question 6

6) Approximately what percentage of diaphragmatic hernias are congenitally predisposed?
a)15%
b) 30%
c) 45%
d) 48%

Answer 6

A

Question 7

Congenital hernias of the membranous diaphragm… (more than one may be correct)
a) are associated with inguinal hernias
b) are associated with umbilical hernias
c) are usually in a dorsolateral position
d) usually involve herniation of the liver (dogs) and falciform fat (cats) in to the mediastinum

Answer 7

7) B and D. C is for muscular hernias

Question 8

8) The lumbar cistern of the thoracic duct passes through the…
a) aortic hiatus
b) oesophageal hiatus
c) vena cava foramen

Answer 8

A

Question 9

9) the normal intersection of the point of the diaphragm with the spine is usually X and can very between Y. (X,Y)
a) T10-12, T7-13
b) T11-13, T9-T13
c)T11-13, T9-L1
d) T12-13, T8-L3

Answer 9

C

Question 10

what is the arrow pointing to?

Answer 10

Peritoneopericardial remnant

Question 11

Where does pars costalis attach?

8th- 13th ribs

10th – 12th ribs

9th – 10th ribs

11th – 13th ribs

Answer 11

A

Question 12

When is a 3-domed appearance of the diaphragm seen on DV?

When the beam is centred over the mid-thorax

When the beam is centred over the mid-abdomen

Answer 12

B

Question 13

Which condition is associated with PPDH?

Liver cysts

Liver torsion

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Cirrhosis

Answer 13

cysts

Question 14

Which of the following attaches to the xiphoid cartilage?

Pars lumbalis

Pars costalis

Pars sternalis

None of the above

Answer 14

c

Question 15

In traumatic diaphragmatic hernias, which is the correct order of prevalence for herniation through the diaphragm?
Liver, small intestine, stomach, spleen, omentum

Liver, stomach, small intestine, spleen, omentum

Small intestine, liver, stomach, spleen, omentum

Liver, spleen, stomach, omentum, small intestine

Answer 15

A

Question 16

Which breeds of cats are overrepresented for Pertioneopericardial Diaphragmatic Hernias?

Siamese, Domestic Short-hair

Munchkin, Himalayans

Persian, Ragdolls

Himalayans, Domestic Long-hair

Answer 16

Himalayans, Domestic Long-hair

Question 17

Which of the following radiographic findings would not typically be associated with a sliding hiatal hernia?

Cranial displacement of the gastric cardia

Hypomotile esophagus

Soft tissue mass adjacent to the right diaphragmatic crus

Gastroesophgeal sphincter within the thorax

Answer 17

Soft tissue mass adjacent to the right diaphragmatic crus, should be on the left

Question 18

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernias?

A: Congenital hiatus formed between the muscular portion and the pericardial sac

B: Autosomal dominant gene in cats

C: DSH are predisposed

D: Hepatic cysts associated with liver herniation into the pericardial sac

Answer 18

(tendinous portion, recessive, DLH and Himalayan)

Question 19

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding gastroesophageal intussusception?

A: Type IV hiatal hernia

B: Most common in female, German Shephard dogs

C: Occur in patients with pre-existing dilated oesophagus

D: Radiographic sign of a sharp air/gas interface on a lateral thoracic radiographic projection

Answer 19

B- male dogs more

Question 20

What statement regarding peritoneopleural hernias is FALSE?

A: Rare in cats and dogs

B: Due to failure of septum transversum

C: In dogs, membranous defects often associated with umbilical hernias

D: In dogs, membranous defects most often associated with herniation of falciform fat

Answer 20

d, it is the liver in dogs

Question 21

There are 3 opening through the diaphragm but where is the caudal vena cava foramen located?

a Dorsally
b Centrally
c At the junction of the muscular and tendinous portion towards the right
d Ventrally

Answer 21

c