chapter 9 axial skeleton

Question 1

1) Using a film screen system, what settings would be best for assessing the bones of the skull?
a) Low mAs- high kVp
b) High mAs- low kVp
c) Both can be used
d) I prefer CT

Answer 1

1)B increases contrast so good for bone lesions but soft tissue lesions may be conspicuous

Question 2

2) In dogs and cats, which is the anticlinal vertebra (could be more than one)?
a) T9
b) T10
c) T11
d) T12

Answer 2

2) B C

Question 3

3) In dogs and cats, vestigial ribs on c7 are:
a) Associated with Horner’s disease
b) Associated with other abnormalities such as pectus excavatum
c) Are associated with abnormal biomechanical loading
d) Are incidental

Answer 3

3) D

Question 4

4) The diaphragm attaches to which vertebrae?
a) L1 and/or 2
b) L2 and/or 3
c) L3 and/or 4
d) L4 and/or 5

Answer 4

4) C

Question 5

5) When spinal trauma is suspected, which radiographic projection is taken first?
a) Lateral
b) VD
c) DV
d) A horizontal beam radiograph to get a VD view

Answer 5

5) A

Question 6

1. Equine vertebral formula:
   a. C7 – T13 – L7 – Cd15-21
   b. C7 – T15 – L8 – Cd15-21
   c. C7 – T18 – L6 – Cd15-21
   d. C7 – T20 – L8 – Cd15-21

Answer 6

c

Question 7

2. Which projection would be best to visualise tympanic bullae in a cat?
   a. Open mouth rostrocaudal view
   b. Open mouth rostro - 10 degrees – ventral – caudodorsal
   c. Intraoral dorsoventral
   d. Rostro caudal

Answer 7

b

Question 8

3. To obtain open mouth right 20 degrees – ventral – left dorsal projection to image the maxillary dental arcade the subject should be positioned in:
   a. Left lateral recumbency
   b. Right lateral recumbency

Answer 8

a

Question 9

4. Which protocol is recommended in film radiography of equine spine?
   a. High mAs – low kVp
   b. Low mAs – high kVp

Answer 9

b