Thrall chapter 36 lung Flashcards
1) Which of the following statements is false regarding an alveolar lung pattern?
a) The lobar sign is always seen with an alveolar pattern
b) Air bronchograms are a common sign of an alveolar pattern. Alveolar air has been replaced with fluid or cells, but the bronchi still contains air.
c) Sometimes neither air bronchograms or the lobar sign are seen
d) Pneumonia is a common cause of an alveolar pattern, usually seen in the ventral lung fields.
a
2) Which of the following has not been documented with feline lower airway disease (feline asthma)?
a) Bronchial pattern
b) Pulmonary hypertension
c) Right middle lobe collapse
d) Rib fractures
e) Pulmonary hyperinflation
2) B not been investigated really https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1098612X221127233
3) Which ribs are more likely to fracture in cats with chronic lower airways disease?
a) None
b) 3-7
c) 7-9
d) 9-13
D
4) What is the generally accepted minimal diameter for which a lung nodule can be detected radiographically?
a) 3-4mm
b) 5-7mm
c) 7-9mm
d) 12-14mm
C
5) Which lung lobes are histiocytic sarcomas more likely to be found in?
a) Right cranial
b) Right middle
c) Left cranial
d) Left caudal
B,C
6) Lung lobe torsion more commonly affects which lobe in pugs?
a) Right middle
b) Accessory lung lobe
c) Left caudal
d) Left cranial
D
7) Cardiogenic pulmonary oedema caused by left sided congestive heart failure in cats most commonly has which distribution in the lung parenchyma (Diana et al., 2022)?
a) Perihilar, multifocal, asymmetrical
b) Dorsal, multifocal, symmetrical
c) Ventral, multifocal, symmetrical
d) Ventral, focal, symmetrical
C
what is the lung pattern
alveolar
9) which of these is the least likely to cause a bronchial pattern (although it can still occur?
a) Allergic airway disease
b) Bacterial infection
c) Parasitic infection
d) Diffuse tumour
e) chronic irritation
f) cardiogenic pulmonary oedema
c parasitic is rare
10) Haemorrhage usually causes which lung pattern?
a) Bronchial
b) Vascular
c) Alveolar
d) Interstitial
c, but can be mixed.
what can help you decide if an alveolar pattern is due to atelectasis or other pathology?
mediastinal shift (toward the region= atelectasis), presence in multiple projections (if present in all could more likely be other pathology), clinical history, method of restraint.
11) Situs inversus can be associated with what lung pattern?
a) Bronchial
b) Alveolar
c) Vascular
d) Interstitial
A Siewert-kartageners syndrome and primary ciliary dyskinesia
differentials for multiple solid lung nodules
mets, fungal, granulomatous disease (less likely parasitic- peripheral)
12) Bronchial mineralisation is most common in…
a) Dogs with chronic bronchitis
b) Cats with chronic bronchitis
c) Dogs with hyperadrenocorticism
d) B and c
e) A and c
D
differentials for single lung mass
neoplasia, abscess (may have gas), granuloma, small could be fibrous tissue
differentials for multiple cavitary lung nodules
mets (rare), parasitic (rare) bulla
what is the cut off value for a lung nodule vs mass generally?
<2cm= nodule
13) In lung lobe torsions, which vessels are not usually completely occluded?
a) Bronchial arteries
b) Pulmonary arteries
c) Pulmonary veins
d) A and b
A
what are the most common ct findings in dogs with eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy?
mesquita 2015. Abnormalities were identified in 14/15 (93%) dogs, including pulmonary parenchymal abnormalities in 14/15 (93%) dogs, bronchial wall thickening in 13 (87%) dogs, which was considered marked in eight (53%), plugging of the bronchial lumen by mucus/debris in 11 (73%) dogs, and bronchiectasis in nine (60%) dogs. Pulmonary nodules were identified in 5/15 (33%) dogs including one dog with a mass. All dogs with a nodular lung pattern had additional abnormalities. Lymphadenopathy was present in 10 dogs (67%).
