Thrall chapter 36 lung

Question 1

1) Which of the following statements is false regarding an alveolar lung pattern?
a) The lobar sign is always seen with an alveolar pattern
b) Air bronchograms are a common sign of an alveolar pattern. Alveolar air has been replaced with fluid or cells, but the bronchi still contains air.
c) Sometimes neither air bronchograms or the lobar sign are seen
d) Pneumonia is a common cause of an alveolar pattern, usually seen in the ventral lung fields.

Answer 1

a

Question 2

2) Which of the following has not been documented with feline lower airway disease (feline asthma)?
a) Bronchial pattern
b) Pulmonary hypertension
c) Right middle lobe collapse
d) Rib fractures
e) Pulmonary hyperinflation

Answer 2

2) B not been investigated really https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1098612X221127233

Question 3

3) Which ribs are more likely to fracture in cats with chronic lower airways disease?
a) None
b) 3-7
c) 7-9
d) 9-13

Answer 3

D

Question 4

4) What is the generally accepted minimal diameter for which a lung nodule can be detected radiographically?
a) 3-4mm
b) 5-7mm
c) 7-9mm
d) 12-14mm

Answer 4

C

Question 5

5) Which lung lobes are histiocytic sarcomas more likely to be found in?
a) Right cranial
b) Right middle
c) Left cranial
d) Left caudal

Answer 5

B,C

Question 6

6) Lung lobe torsion more commonly affects which lobe in pugs?
a) Right middle
b) Accessory lung lobe
c) Left caudal
d) Left cranial

Answer 6

D

Question 7

7) Cardiogenic pulmonary oedema caused by left sided congestive heart failure in cats most commonly has which distribution in the lung parenchyma (Diana et al., 2022)?
a) Perihilar, multifocal, asymmetrical
b) Dorsal, multifocal, symmetrical
c) Ventral, multifocal, symmetrical
d) Ventral, focal, symmetrical

Answer 7

C

Question 8

what is the lung pattern

Answer 8

alveolar

Question 9

9) which of these is the least likely to cause a bronchial pattern (although it can still occur?
a) Allergic airway disease
b) Bacterial infection
c) Parasitic infection
d) Diffuse tumour
e) chronic irritation
f) cardiogenic pulmonary oedema

Answer 9

c parasitic is rare

Question 10

10) Haemorrhage usually causes which lung pattern?
a) Bronchial
b) Vascular
c) Alveolar
d) Interstitial

Answer 10

c, but can be mixed.

Question 11

what can help you decide if an alveolar pattern is due to atelectasis or other pathology?

Answer 11

mediastinal shift (toward the region= atelectasis), presence in multiple projections (if present in all could more likely be other pathology), clinical history, method of restraint.

Question 12

11) Situs inversus can be associated with what lung pattern?
a) Bronchial
b) Alveolar
c) Vascular
d) Interstitial

Answer 12

A Siewert-kartageners syndrome and primary ciliary dyskinesia

Question 12

differentials for multiple solid lung nodules

Answer 12

mets, fungal, granulomatous disease (less likely parasitic- peripheral)

Question 12

12) Bronchial mineralisation is most common in…
a) Dogs with chronic bronchitis
b) Cats with chronic bronchitis
c) Dogs with hyperadrenocorticism
d) B and c
e) A and c

Answer 12

D

Question 13

differentials for single lung mass

Answer 13

neoplasia, abscess (may have gas), granuloma, small could be fibrous tissue

Question 14

differentials for multiple cavitary lung nodules

Answer 14

mets (rare), parasitic (rare) bulla

Question 15

what is the cut off value for a lung nodule vs mass generally?

Answer 15

<2cm= nodule

Question 16

13) In lung lobe torsions, which vessels are not usually completely occluded?
a) Bronchial arteries
b) Pulmonary arteries
c) Pulmonary veins
d) A and b

Answer 16

A

Question 17

what are the most common ct findings in dogs with eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy?

Answer 17

mesquita 2015. Abnormalities were identified in 14/15 (93%) dogs, including pulmonary parenchymal abnormalities in 14/15 (93%) dogs, bronchial wall thickening in 13 (87%) dogs, which was considered marked in eight (53%), plugging of the bronchial lumen by mucus/debris in 11 (73%) dogs, and bronchiectasis in nine (60%) dogs. Pulmonary nodules were identified in 5/15 (33%) dogs including one dog with a mass. All dogs with a nodular lung pattern had additional abnormalities. Lymphadenopathy was present in 10 dogs (67%).