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Anatomy > Thorax anatomy > Flashcards

Thorax anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Cooper ligaments are

A

Suspensory ligaments that attach the mammary gland to the skin and run from skin to the deep fascia

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2
Q

2 Prominent blood supplies to mammary tissues

A
  1. Internal thoracic artery (internal mammary)
  2. Lateral thoracic artery
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3
Q

Internal thoracic artery is a branch of

And Supplies

A

Subclavian artery

Supplies the meidal aspect of the gland

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4
Q

Lateral thoracic artery is a branch of

And supplies

A

Axillary artery

Lateral part of the gland

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5
Q

What nerve may be lesioned during ligation of lateral thoracic artery during a radical mastectomy and what are the results

A

Long thoracic Nerve

Winged scapula and weakness in abduction of arm above 90o

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6
Q

Tracheoesophageal fistula clinical

A
  1. Esophageal atresia and polyhyramnios (increase V of amniotic fluic)
  2. Regurgitation of milk
  3. Gagging and cyanosis after feeding
  4. Abdominal distention after crying
  5. Reflus of gastic content into lungs causing pneumonitis
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7
Q

2 Congenital causes of Pulmonary hypoplasia

A
  • Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
    • Herniation of abdominal contents into the thorax
      • affects development of the left lung
  • Bilateral renal agenesis
    • Caused by oligohydramnios
      • increases pressure on the fetal thorax and causes Potter’s sequence
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8
Q

How many intercostal spaces are present within the thoracic wall

A

11

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9
Q

Where is the costal groove located

A

Along the inferior border of each rib

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10
Q

What is protected and runs along the costal groove

A

(Superior) VAN (Inferior)

Intercoastal Vein

Intercoastal Artery

Intercoastal Nerve

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11
Q

What N supplies the costal and peripheral portions of the diaphragmatic pleura

A

Intercostal N

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12
Q

What N supplies the diaphragmatic pleaura and the mediastinal pleura

A

Phrenic N

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13
Q

When pt. is vertical, foreign body falls to

A

Posterior Basal segemnt of the Right inferior lobe

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14
Q

Thoracic duct carries all the lymphatic drainage from

A

the body below the diaphragm and on the left side of the trunk and head above the diaphragm

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15
Q

The right lymphatic duct drains lymph flow from

A

the right head and neck and the right side of the trunk above the diaphragm

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16
Q

Truncus arteriosus (Neural Crest) becomes

A

Aorta

Pulmonary trunk

Semilunar values

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17
Q

Bulbus cordis becomes

A

Smooth part of right ventricle (Conus arteriosus)

Smooth part of left ventricle (Aortic vestibule)

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18
Q

Primative ventricle become

A

Trabeculated part of right and left ventricles

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19
Q

Primitive atrium becomes

A

Trabeculated part of right and left atrium (pectinate muscles)

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20
Q

Right Sinus venosus becomes

A

Smooth part of right atrium (sinus venarum)

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21
Q

Left sinus venosus becomes

A

Coronary sinus and oblique vein of left atrium

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22
Q

Viteline veins

A

AKA Omphalomesenteric Vein

drains deoxygenated blood from yolk stalk

23
Q

Viteline veins become

A
  1. Veins of the liver
    1. Sinusoids
    2. Hepatic portal V
    3. Hepatic vein
  2. Part of the inferior vena cava
24
Q

Umbilical vein carries

A

Oxygenated blood from the placenta

25
Cardinal veins carry
Deoxygenated blood from teh body of the embry
26
Rt and Lf umbilical arteries become
Medial umbilical ligament
27
Umbilical vein becomes
Ligamentum teres of liver
28
Ductus venosus becomes
Ligamentum venosum
29
Foramen ovale becomes
Fossa ovalis
30
Ductus areteriosus becomes
Ligamentum arteriosum
31
Secundum-type ASD
* Most common * Caused by either: * Excessive resorption of SP * Underdeveopment and reduced size of SS
32
Primum-type ASD
* Failure of septum premium to fuse with endocardial cushions * Occur in lower aspect of atrial wall
33
Membranous IV septum fusion involves
1. Right conotruncal ridge 2. Left conotruncal ridge 3. Endocardial cushion (**Neural crest cells**)
34
PDA occurs when
ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth Common in **Maternal Rubella Infection**
35
PDA becomes
Ligamentum arteriosum
36
What sustains patency of Ductus Arteriosus in the fetal period
Prostaglandin E and Low oxygen tension
37
What is used to promote closure of Ductus arteriosus
1. PGE inhibitor (**Indomethacin**) 2. Acetylcholine 3. Histamine 4. Catecholamines
38
What causes Tetralogy of Fallot
AP septum fails to align properly and shifts anteriorly to the right
39
4 major defects in Tetralogy of Fallot
1. Pulmonary stenosis 2. Overriding aorta 3. Membranous interventricular septal defect 4. Right ventricular hypertorphy
40
Mediastinum devided by
Sternal angle (**of louis**) Between **T4 & T5**
41
Thymus located in
Anterior mediastinum
42
What is the posterior surface of the posterior mediastinum
T5-T12
43
Esophagus lies
immediately posterior to the left primary bronchus and the **left atrium**
44
Azygos system of veins drains
Posterior and thoracic lateral wall
45
Right border of the heart formed by
Right atrium
46
Left border of the heart is formed by
Left ventricle
47
Apex of the heart is found
Left fifth intercoastal space
48
Inferior border of the heart is formed by
the right ventricle
49
Anterior (**sternocostal**) surface of the heart is formed by
Right ventricle
50
Posterior surface of the heart formed by
Left Atrium
51
The diaphragmatic surface of the heart is formed by
Left ventricle
52
Upper right aspect of the heart is found in
the third right coastal cartilage
53
Lower right aspect of the heart is found in
sixth right coastal cartilage
54
Upper left aspect of the heart is found in
Left second coastal cartilage

Anatomy (25 decks)

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