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Thorax anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Cooper ligaments are

A

Suspensory ligaments that attach the mammary gland to the skin and run from skin to the deep fascia

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2
Q

2 Prominent blood supplies to mammary tissues

A
  1. Internal thoracic artery (internal mammary)
  2. Lateral thoracic artery
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3
Q

Internal thoracic artery is a branch of

And Supplies

A

Subclavian artery

Supplies the meidal aspect of the gland

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4
Q

Lateral thoracic artery is a branch of

And supplies

A

Axillary artery

Lateral part of the gland

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5
Q

What nerve may be lesioned during ligation of lateral thoracic artery during a radical mastectomy and what are the results

A

Long thoracic Nerve

Winged scapula and weakness in abduction of arm above 90o

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6
Q

Tracheoesophageal fistula clinical

A
  1. Esophageal atresia and polyhyramnios (increase V of amniotic fluic)
  2. Regurgitation of milk
  3. Gagging and cyanosis after feeding
  4. Abdominal distention after crying
  5. Reflus of gastic content into lungs causing pneumonitis
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7
Q

2 Congenital causes of Pulmonary hypoplasia

A
  • Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
    • Herniation of abdominal contents into the thorax
      • affects development of the left lung
  • Bilateral renal agenesis
    • Caused by oligohydramnios
      • increases pressure on the fetal thorax and causes Potter’s sequence
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8
Q

How many intercostal spaces are present within the thoracic wall

A

11

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9
Q

Where is the costal groove located

A

Along the inferior border of each rib

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10
Q

What is protected and runs along the costal groove

A

(Superior) VAN (Inferior)

Intercoastal Vein

Intercoastal Artery

Intercoastal Nerve

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11
Q

What N supplies the costal and peripheral portions of the diaphragmatic pleura

A

Intercostal N

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12
Q

What N supplies the diaphragmatic pleaura and the mediastinal pleura

A

Phrenic N

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13
Q

When pt. is vertical, foreign body falls to

A

Posterior Basal segemnt of the Right inferior lobe

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14
Q

Thoracic duct carries all the lymphatic drainage from

A

the body below the diaphragm and on the left side of the trunk and head above the diaphragm

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15
Q

The right lymphatic duct drains lymph flow from

A

the right head and neck and the right side of the trunk above the diaphragm

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16
Q

Truncus arteriosus (Neural Crest) becomes

A

Aorta

Pulmonary trunk

Semilunar values

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17
Q

Bulbus cordis becomes

A

Smooth part of right ventricle (Conus arteriosus)

Smooth part of left ventricle (Aortic vestibule)

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18
Q

Primative ventricle become

A

Trabeculated part of right and left ventricles

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19
Q

Primitive atrium becomes

A

Trabeculated part of right and left atrium (pectinate muscles)

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20
Q

Right Sinus venosus becomes

A

Smooth part of right atrium (sinus venarum)

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21
Q

Left sinus venosus becomes

A

Coronary sinus and oblique vein of left atrium

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22
Q

Viteline veins

A

AKA Omphalomesenteric Vein

drains deoxygenated blood from yolk stalk

23
Q

Viteline veins become

A
  1. Veins of the liver
    1. Sinusoids
    2. Hepatic portal V
    3. Hepatic vein
  2. Part of the inferior vena cava
24
Q

Umbilical vein carries

A

Oxygenated blood from the placenta

25
Q

Cardinal veins carry

A

Deoxygenated blood from teh body of the embry

26
Q

Rt and Lf umbilical arteries become

A

Medial umbilical ligament

27
Q

Umbilical vein becomes

A

Ligamentum teres of liver

28
Q

Ductus venosus becomes

A

Ligamentum venosum

29
Q

Foramen ovale becomes

A

Fossa ovalis

30
Q

Ductus areteriosus becomes

A

Ligamentum arteriosum

31
Q

Secundum-type ASD

A
  • Most common
  • Caused by either:
    • Excessive resorption of SP
    • Underdeveopment and reduced size of SS
32
Q

Primum-type ASD

A
  • Failure of septum premium to fuse with endocardial cushions
  • Occur in lower aspect of atrial wall
33
Q

Membranous IV septum fusion involves

A
  1. Right conotruncal ridge
  2. Left conotruncal ridge
  3. Endocardial cushion (Neural crest cells)
34
Q

PDA occurs when

A

ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth

Common in Maternal Rubella Infection

35
Q

PDA becomes

A

Ligamentum arteriosum

36
Q

What sustains patency of Ductus Arteriosus in the fetal period

A

Prostaglandin E and Low oxygen tension

37
Q

What is used to promote closure of Ductus arteriosus

A
  1. PGE inhibitor (Indomethacin)
  2. Acetylcholine
  3. Histamine
  4. Catecholamines
38
Q

What causes Tetralogy of Fallot

A

AP septum fails to align properly and shifts anteriorly to the right

39
Q

4 major defects in Tetralogy of Fallot

A
  1. Pulmonary stenosis
  2. Overriding aorta
  3. Membranous interventricular septal defect
  4. Right ventricular hypertorphy
40
Q

Mediastinum devided by

A

Sternal angle (of louis)

Between T4 & T5

41
Q

Thymus located in

A

Anterior mediastinum

42
Q

What is the posterior surface of the posterior mediastinum

43
Q

Esophagus lies

A

immediately posterior to the left primary bronchus and the left atrium

44
Q

Azygos system of veins drains

A

Posterior and thoracic lateral wall

45
Q

Right border of the heart formed by

A

Right atrium

46
Q

Left border of the heart is formed by

A

Left ventricle

47
Q

Apex of the heart is found

A

Left fifth intercoastal space

48
Q

Inferior border of the heart is formed by

A

the right ventricle

49
Q

Anterior (sternocostal) surface of the heart is formed by

A

Right ventricle

50
Q

Posterior surface of the heart formed by

A

Left Atrium

51
Q

The diaphragmatic surface of the heart is formed by

A

Left ventricle

52
Q

Upper right aspect of the heart is found in

A

the third right coastal cartilage

53
Q

Lower right aspect of the heart is found in

A

sixth right coastal cartilage

54
Q

Upper left aspect of the heart is found in

A

Left second coastal cartilage

Anatomy (25 decks)

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