Cell Biology and Epithelia

Question 1

Role of Lamins

Answer 1

Attach Chromatin to the inner membrane of nuclear envelope and participate in the breakdown and reformation of the nuclear envelope during the cell cycle

Question 2

What initiates nuclear disassembly into small vesicles during prophase

Answer 2

Phosphorylation of the lamina by lamin kinase

Question 3

What is responsible for rRNA synthesis and assembly

Answer 3

Nucleolus

Question 4

3 zones of nucleolus

Answer 4

1. Granular Zone: found in periphery containing ribosomal precursor particles
2. Fibrillar Zone: Central contains ribonuclear protein fibrils
3. Fibrillar Center: Contains DNA not being transcribed

Question 5

Histones enriched with

Answer 5

Positively charged Arginine and Lysine

Question 6

Heterochromatin

Answer 6

Highly condensed inactive chromosome

Question 7

Euchromatin

Answer 7

More extended transcriptionally active chromosome.

Question 8

Ribosomes move on mRNA

Answer 8

Start from 5’ and move towards 3’

Question 9

RER synthesizes proteins designated for

Answer 9

1. Golgi apparatus
2. Secretion
3. Plasma membrane
4. Lysosomes

Question 10

SER contains enzymes responsbile for

Answer 10

Biosynthesis of phospholipids, TG, and sterols

Question 11

Function of Golgi

Answer 11

1. site of post-translational modification and sorting of newly synthesized proteins and lipids
2. Further modification of carbohydrate moiety of glycoproteins produces complex and hybrid oligosaccharide chains

Question 12

I-Cell disease deficiency

Answer 12

N-acetylglucosamine-phophotransferase

Question 13

I-Cell disease charaterized by

Answer 13

• Huge inclusion bodies in cells due to accumulation of undergraded glycoconjugates in lysosomes
• Skeletal abnormalities
• Coarse features
• Restricted joint movement
• Psychomotor retardation

Question 14

Lysosomes contain what enzymes

Answer 14

1. Nucleases
2. Lipases
3. Gycosidases
4. Proteases
5. Peptidases
6. Phophatases

Question 15

Deficient breakdown of sphingolipids by lysosomes causes

Answer 15

1. Gaucher
2. Niemann-Pick
3. Tay-Sachs

Question 16

Peroxisome function

Answer 16

1. Synthesis and degradation of hydrogen peroxide
2. β-oxidation of very long chain FA
3. Phospholipid exchange
4. Bile acid synthesis

Question 17

4 commone peroxisome deficiency disorders

Answer 17

1. Zellweger
2. Neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy
3. Infantile Refsum disease
4. Hyperpipecolatemia

Question 18

3 maternally inherited mitochondrial diseases that affect males more than females

Answer 18

1. Leber’s optic neuropathy
2. Pearson Marrow-Pancreas syndrome
3. Male infertility

Question 19

Type 1 intermediate filaments

Answer 19

Keratin

Found in all epithelial cells

Question 20

Type 2 intermediate filaments

Answer 20

1. Desmin
2. Vimentin
3. Glial fibrillary acidic protein
4. Peripherin

Question 21

Type 3 intermediate filament

Answer 21

Form neurofilaments in neurons

Question 22

What adhesion molecules are Calcium ion-dependent

Answer 22

Cadherin and Selectin

Question 23

Calcium independent adhesion molecule

Answer 23

Integrins

Question 24

BM made up of

Answer 24

Basal Lamina and reticular lamina

Question 25

Basal Lamina of BM made up of

Answer 25

1. Type 4 collagen 2. Glycoproteins 3. Proteoglycans (**Heparin** **sulfate**)

Question 26

Tight juncitons AKA

Answer 26

Zonula occludens

Question 27

Desmosomes AKA

Answer 27

Macula adherens

Question 28

Kartagener syndrome

Answer 28

* immotile spermatozoa and infertility due to absence of **dynein** that is required for flagellar motility * Associated with chronic respiratory infections because of similar defects in cilia of respirtaory epithelium

Question 29

Pemphigus Vulgaris patholgoy

Answer 29

AutoAB against desmosomal proteins in skin cells

Question 30

Pemphigus Vulgaris clinical

Answer 30

* Painful flaccid bullae in oropharynx and skin that rupture easily * Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation

Question 31

Bullous Pemphigoid pathology

Answer 31

AutoAB against BM hemidesmosomal proteins

Question 32

Bullous Pemphigoid clinical

Answer 32

* Widespread blistering with pruritus * Rare on oral mucosa * Can be drug induced

Question 33

Simple columnar epith found in

Answer 33

Small and large intestines

Question 34

Simple squamous epithelium found in

Answer 34

1. Endothelium that lines blood vessles 2. Epithelium lining of the inside of renal glomerular capsule

Question 35

Pseudostratified columnar eptih found in

Answer 35

1. Nasal cavity 2. Trachea 3. Bronchi 4. Epididymis

Question 36

Simple cuboidal epithelium found in

Answer 36

renal tubules and the secretory cells of salivary gland acini

Question 37

Stratified cuboidal epith found in

Answer 37

ducts of salivary glands

Question 38

Desmin

Answer 38

Skeletal, Cardiac, GI smooth muscle cells

Question 39

Vimentin

Answer 39

fibroblasts, fibrocytes, endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle

Question 40

Glial fibrillary acidic protein

Answer 40

astrocytes and some Schwann cells

Question 41

Peripherin

Answer 41

peripheral nerve axons