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Anatomy > Cell Biology and Epithelia > Flashcards

Cell Biology and Epithelia Flashcards

1
Q

Role of Lamins

A

Attach Chromatin to the inner membrane of nuclear envelope and participate in the breakdown and reformation of the nuclear envelope during the cell cycle

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2
Q

What initiates nuclear disassembly into small vesicles during prophase

A

Phosphorylation of the lamina by lamin kinase

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3
Q

What is responsible for rRNA synthesis and assembly

A

Nucleolus

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4
Q

3 zones of nucleolus

A
  1. Granular Zone: found in periphery containing ribosomal precursor particles
  2. Fibrillar Zone: Central contains ribonuclear protein fibrils
  3. Fibrillar Center: Contains DNA not being transcribed
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5
Q

Histones enriched with

A

Positively charged Arginine and Lysine

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6
Q

Heterochromatin

A

Highly condensed inactive chromosome

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7
Q

Euchromatin

A

More extended transcriptionally active chromosome.

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8
Q

Ribosomes move on mRNA

A

Start from 5’ and move towards 3’

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9
Q

RER synthesizes proteins designated for

A
  1. Golgi apparatus
  2. Secretion
  3. Plasma membrane
  4. Lysosomes
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10
Q

SER contains enzymes responsbile for

A

Biosynthesis of phospholipids, TG, and sterols

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11
Q

Function of Golgi

A
  1. site of post-translational modification and sorting of newly synthesized proteins and lipids
  2. Further modification of carbohydrate moiety of glycoproteins produces complex and hybrid oligosaccharide chains
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12
Q

I-Cell disease deficiency

A

N-acetylglucosamine-phophotransferase

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13
Q

I-Cell disease charaterized by

A
  • Huge inclusion bodies in cells due to accumulation of undergraded glycoconjugates in lysosomes
  • Skeletal abnormalities
  • Coarse features
  • Restricted joint movement
  • Psychomotor retardation
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14
Q

Lysosomes contain what enzymes

A
  1. Nucleases
  2. Lipases
  3. Gycosidases
  4. Proteases
  5. Peptidases
  6. Phophatases
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15
Q

Deficient breakdown of sphingolipids by lysosomes causes

A
  1. Gaucher
  2. Niemann-Pick
  3. Tay-Sachs
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16
Q

Peroxisome function

A
  1. Synthesis and degradation of hydrogen peroxide
  2. β-oxidation of very long chain FA
  3. Phospholipid exchange
  4. Bile acid synthesis
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17
Q

4 commone peroxisome deficiency disorders

A
  1. Zellweger
  2. Neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy
  3. Infantile Refsum disease
  4. Hyperpipecolatemia
18
Q

3 maternally inherited mitochondrial diseases that affect males more than females

A
  1. Leber’s optic neuropathy
  2. Pearson Marrow-Pancreas syndrome
  3. Male infertility
19
Q

Type 1 intermediate filaments

A

Keratin

Found in all epithelial cells

20
Q

Type 2 intermediate filaments

A
  1. Desmin
  2. Vimentin
  3. Glial fibrillary acidic protein
  4. Peripherin
21
Q

Type 3 intermediate filament

A

Form neurofilaments in neurons

22
Q

What adhesion molecules are Calcium ion-dependent

A

Cadherin and Selectin

23
Q

Calcium independent adhesion molecule

A

Integrins

24
Q

BM made up of

A

Basal Lamina and reticular lamina

25
Q

Basal Lamina of BM made up of

A
  1. Type 4 collagen
  2. Glycoproteins
  3. Proteoglycans (Heparin sulfate)
26
Q

Tight juncitons AKA

A

Zonula occludens

27
Q

Desmosomes AKA

A

Macula adherens

28
Q

Kartagener syndrome

A
  • immotile spermatozoa and infertility due to absence of dynein that is required for flagellar motility
  • Associated with chronic respiratory infections because of similar defects in cilia of respirtaory epithelium
29
Q

Pemphigus Vulgaris patholgoy

A

AutoAB against desmosomal proteins in skin cells

30
Q

Pemphigus Vulgaris clinical

A
  • Painful flaccid bullae in oropharynx and skin that rupture easily
  • Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation
31
Q

Bullous Pemphigoid pathology

A

AutoAB against BM hemidesmosomal proteins

32
Q

Bullous Pemphigoid clinical

A
  • Widespread blistering with pruritus
  • Rare on oral mucosa
  • Can be drug induced
33
Q

Simple columnar epith found in

A

Small and large intestines

34
Q

Simple squamous epithelium found in

A
  1. Endothelium that lines blood vessles
  2. Epithelium lining of the inside of renal glomerular capsule
35
Q

Pseudostratified columnar eptih found in

A
  1. Nasal cavity
  2. Trachea
  3. Bronchi
  4. Epididymis
36
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelium found in

A

renal tubules and the secretory cells of salivary gland acini

37
Q

Stratified cuboidal epith found in

A

ducts of salivary glands

38
Q

Desmin

A

Skeletal, Cardiac, GI smooth muscle cells

39
Q

Vimentin

A

fibroblasts, fibrocytes, endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle

40
Q

Glial fibrillary acidic protein

A

astrocytes and some Schwann cells

41
Q

Peripherin

A

peripheral nerve axons

Anatomy (25 decks)

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