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Anatomy > Spinal cord > Flashcards

Spinal cord Flashcards

1
Q

Cauda equina is

A

Nerve roots of the lumbar, sacral and coccygeal spinal nerves.

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2
Q

LMN are found in

A

Ventral horn of the spinal cord and in CN nuclei in the brain stem

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3
Q

Cell bodies of UMN are found in

A

Brain stem and cerebral cortex

Red nucleus

Reticular formation

Lateral vestibular nuclei of the brain

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4
Q

How do Axons of these UMN travel

A

Corticospinal tract

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5
Q

Corticospinal fibers decussate at

A

Pyramids of medulla

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6
Q

What motoneurons supply intrafusal muscle fibers

A

Gamma motoneurons

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7
Q

Deep tendon reflex is

A

Stretch myotatic

Monosynaptic and ipsilateral reflex

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8
Q

Knee (patellar) reflex chord involved

A

L2-L4 (Femoral N)

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9
Q

Ankle reflex chord involved

A

S1 (Tibial N)

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10
Q

Elow reflex chord involved

A

C5-C6 (Musculocutaneous N)

C7-C8 (Radial N)

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11
Q

Forearm Cord involved

A

C5-C6 (Radial N)

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12
Q

Knee reflex muscle tested

A

Quadriceps

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13
Q

Ankle reflex muscle tested

A

Gastrocnemius

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14
Q

Elbow C5-C6 reflex muscle tested

A

Biceps

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15
Q

Elbow C7-C8 reflex muscle tested

A

Triceps

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16
Q

Forearm reflex muscle tested

A

Brachioradialis

17
Q

Inverse muscle stretch reflex ues

A

Golgi tendon organs

18
Q

Golgi tendon organs are

A

encapsulated groups of nerve endings that terminate between collagenous tendon fibers at the junction of muscle and tendon

19
Q

UMN lesions result in

A

Hyperactive muscle stretch reflexes

Clasp knife reflex due to oversensitive Golgi Tendon Organs

20
Q

Early sign of LMN lesion

A

Fasciculations: twitches or contractions of groups of muscle fibers

21
Q

LMN lesions produce what type of paralysis

A

Flaccid paralysis

22
Q

Babinski sign is present in

A

A lesion of Coticospinal tract (UMN)

23
Q

UMN lesions produce what type of paralysis

A

Spastic paralysis

24
Q

What are the 2 sensory systems

A

Dorsal column - medial leminiscal system

Anterolateral (Spinothalamic) system

25
Q

Dorsal column - medial lemniscal system function

A
  1. Discrimitive touch
  2. Conscious proprioception
  3. Vibration
  4. Pressure
26
Q

Anterolateral (Spinothalamic) system function

A

Pain

Temperature

27
Q

Dorsal column - medial leminiscal system fibers

A

Class 2 or A-β

28
Q

Astereognosis is

A

Inability to identify the characteristics of an object:

  1. Size
  2. Consistency
  3. Form
  4. Shape
29
Q

Dorsal column - medial leminiscal system decussates

A

In the medulla

30
Q

Anterolateral (spinothalamic tract) system decussages

A

1 to 2 segment above entry into sc

31
Q

Spinocerebellar tract carry

A

Unconscious proprioceptive input from muscle spindles and GTOs to the cerebellum

32
Q

Cell body of the dorsal spinocerebellar tract are found in

A

Clarke’s nucleus

33
Q

Both spinocerebellar tracts travel through

A

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

34
Q

In Argyll Robertson pupil, the pupil reacts to

A

Accommodation but not to light

35
Q

Brown-Séquard syndrome is

A

Hemisection of the cord resultsin a lesion of each of the 3 main neural systems

36
Q

Brown-Séquard sydrome presents with

A

2 ipsilateral signs and one contralateral sign

  • Corticospinal tract: ipsilateral spastic paresis below the level of injury
  • Fasciculus gracilis or cuneatus: ipsilateral loss of joint position, tactile discrimination, and vibratory sensations below level of lesion
  • Spinothalamic tract: contralateral loss of pain and Tem starting one or 2 segments below the level of the lesion
37
Q

Polio leads to

A
  1. Flaccid paralysis
  2. Muscle atrophy
  3. Fasciculations
  4. Areflexia
  5. Common at lumber levels
38
Q

Tabes Dorsalis leads to

A
  1. Parethesias, Pain, Polyuria
  2. Late stage syphilis, sensory ataxia, Positive Romberg
  3. Argyll Robertson pupils
  4. Sppressed reflexes

Anatomy (25 decks)

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