Abdomen, Pelvis, and Perineum anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
Linea Semilunaris
A
a curved line defining the lateral border of the rectus abdominin
2
Q
Layers of the anterior abdominal wall
A
- Skin
- Superficial fascia
- Camper (fatty)
- Scarpa (fibrous)
- External oblique
- Internal oblique
- Transversus abdominis
- Transversalis fascia
- Extraperitoneal
- Parietal peritoneal
3
Q
Inguinal ligament extends
A
between the anterior superior iliac spine and pubic tubercle
4
Q
Lacunar ligament forms
A
the medial border of a femoral hernia
5
Q
Transversalis fascia forms
A
A continuous lining of the entire abdominalopelvic cavity
6
Q
Major arterial blood supply to the anterior wall is derived from
A
- Superior epigastric branch of the internal thoracic artery
- Inferior epigastric and deep circumflex iliac branches of the external iliac artery
7
Q
Deep inguinal ring located
A
Lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels and immediatly superior to the midpoint of the inguinal ligament
8
Q
Content of the female inguinal canal
A
- Round ligament of the uterus
- Ilioinguinal nerve (L1)
9
Q
Content of male inguinal canal
A
- Ilioinguinal nerve
- Spermatic corda
10
Q
Spermatic cord contains
A
- Testicular artery
- Pampiniform venous plexus
- Vas deferens
- Autonamic Nerves
- Lymphatics
11
Q
Lymphatics drainage of the testis
A
Drain into the lunber (aortic) nodes of the lumber region
12
Q
What nerve intervates the cremasteric muscle
A
Genitofemoral N
13
Q
Congenital indirect inguinal hernia is usually due to
A
Persistent process vaginalis
14
Q
Hydrocele is fluid in
A
Tunica vaginalis
15
Q
Direct herinas are found
A
medial to the inferior epigastric vessels
16
Q
Indirect hernias are found
A
lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels
17
Q
Indirect hernias follow
A
the route taken by the testis and are found within the spermatic cord
18
Q
Which is the only hernia that pass through the deep ring
A
Indirect hernia
19
Q
What are the borders of the Inguinal (Hasselbach’s) triangle
A
- Lateral: inferior epigastic vessels
- Medial: rectus abdominis muscle
- Inferior: Inguinal ligament
20
Q
The primitive gut tube is formed by
A
Incorporation of the yolk sac into the embryo
21
Q
Foregut artery
A
Celiac
22
Q
Foregut PSNS
A
Vagus
23
Q
Foregut SNS
A
Preganglionic: Thoracic splanchnic N T5-T9
Postganglionic: Celiac ganglion
24
Q
Foregut referred pain
A
Epigastrium
25
Derivatives of the foregut
1. Esophagus
2. Stomach
3. Duodenum (**first and second**)
4. Liver
5. Pancreas
6. GB
26
Midgut artery
Superior Mesenteric
27
Midgut PSNS
Vagus
28
Midgut SNS
Preganglionic: **Thoracic splanchnic nerves T9-T12**
Postganglionic: **Superior mesenteric ganglion**
29
Midgut referred pain
Umbilical
30
Derivatives of the midgut
1. Duodenum (**second, third, and forth**)
2. Jejunum
3. Ileum
4. Cecum
5. Appendix
6. Ascending colon
7. Transverse colon (**proximal 2/3**)
31
Hindgut artery
Inferior Mesenteric
32
Hindgut PSNS
Pelvic splanchnic nerve
33
Hindgut referred pain
Hypogastrium
34
Derivatives of hindgut
1. Transverse colon (**distal 1/3**)
2. Descending colong
3. Sigmoid colon
4. Rectum
5. Anal canal (**above pectinate line**)
35
What develops from endodermal outgrowth of the foregut
1. Lower respiratory tract
2. Liver
3. Pancrease
36
Where is the lesser sac formed
Posterior to the stomach and the lesser omentum
37
What is the only communication between the greater sac and lesser sac
Epiploic foramen **of Winslow**
38
Major intraperitoneal organs (**suspended by a mesentery**)
1. Stomach
2. Liver and GB
3. Spleen
4. Duodenum (1st part)
5. Tail of pancreas
6. Jejunum
7. Ileum
8. Appendix
9. Transverse colon
10. Sigmoid colon
39
Major Secondary Retroperitoneal organs (**lost a mesentery during development**)
1. Duodenum (2nd and 3rd parts)
2. Head, neck, and body of pancreas
3. Ascending colon
4. Descending colon
5. Upper rectum
40
Major Primary Retroperitoneal organs (**never had a mesentery**)
1. Kidenys
2. Adrenal glands
3. Ureters
4. Aorta
5. IVC
6. Lower rectum
7. Anal canal
41
Boundaries of the epiploic foramen (of Winslow)
* **Anterior**: Hepatoduodenal ligament and hepatic protal vein
* **Posterior**: IVC
* **Superior**: Caudate lobe of the liver
* **Inferior**: First part of the duodenum
42
Falciform ligament contains
Ligamentum teres of liver
43
Lesser omentum contains
Hepatogastric ligament
Hepatoduodenal ligament
44
Helpatoduodenal ligament contains
1. Common bile duct
2. Proper hepatic A
3. Hepatic Portal V
45
Gastroschisis is due to
Defect in the closure of the lateral body folds and a weakness of the anterior wall at the site of absorption of the right umbilical vein
46
Ileal (**Mechel**) Diverticulum is due to
a remnant of the **vitelline duct** persists forming a blind pouch
47
Portal triad are located in
Hepatoduodenal ligament
48
Head of pancreas recieves blood supply from
Superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal branches of the gastroduodenal and superior mesenteric arteries
49
The spleen is beneath what ribs
9th, 10th, and 11th
50
What travels in the splenorenal ligament
Splenic artery and vein
51
What connects lesser curvature of stomach to the liver
Lesser omentum (**hepatogastric ligament**)
52
What descends posterior to the first part of duodenum
Gastroduodenal artery and common bile duct
53
What nerve intervates the external anal sphincter
Pudendal n
54
Where does lymph from above the pectinate line drain to
Iliac LN
55
What is the origin above pectinate line
Endoderm
56
What is the origin below pectinate line
Ectoderm
57
Lymph below pectinate line drains to
Superficial inguinal nodes
58
Where does Abdominal Aorta bifucate
L4 vertebral level
59
Celiac artery located
L1
60
Renal arteries located
L2
61
Inferior mesenteric locatated
L3
62
What supplies the lesser curvature of the stomach
Left gastric artery
63
Ulcer on posterior wall of stomach can erode
Splenic artery
64
Uler of the lesser curvature of stomach may erode
Left gastric artery
65
Ulcer of the posterior wall of the first part of duodenum may erode
gastroduodenal artery
66
Branches of SMA
* Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
* Anastomose with superior pancreaticoduodenal branches
* Intestinal arteries
* Ileocolic artery
* lower right quadrant to supply the distal ileum and cecum
* Right colic artery
* ascending colon
* Middle colic artery
* proximal 2/3 of transverse colon
67
Branches of IMA
* Left colic artery
* Distal third of transverse colon and descending colong
* Sigmoid arteries
* Superior rectal artery
* Superior aspect of the rectum and anal canal
68
Most common sight of bowl ischemia
Splenic flexure
69
Hepatic portal vein formed by
Union of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins posterior to the neck of the pancreas
70
Umbilical anastomoses
Paraumbilical v =\> superficial v of the anterior abdominal wall
71
Rectal anastomoses
Superior rectal v (**IMV**) =\> Inferior rectal V (**Internal iliac v**)
72
Pronephros forms
Nephric tubes then disappear with no function
73
Medial end of Mesonphros enlarge to form
Bowman's capsule
74
Lateral end of the mesonephros become
Mesonephric (**Wolffian**) duct
75
What is the fate of the mesonphric tubes in males
Becomes Ductus epidiymidis, ductus deferens, and ejaculatry duct
76
Metanephros AKA
Permanent kidney
77
What two sources develop into Metanephros
Uretric bud and metanephric mass
78
What does the urorectal septum seperate
Anorectal canal and urogenital sinus
79
Lumen of the allantois becomes
Urachus
80
Urachus becomes
Medial umbilical ligament
81
Renal agenesis is due to
Early degneration of the ureteric bud
82
Drainage of urine through umbilicus is due to
Patent urchus due to failure of the allantois to be obliterated
83
Kidneys are in contact with
Diaphragm
Psoas major
Quadratus lumborum
84
Detrusor muscle inervated by
Pelvic Splanchinic (**S2, 3, 4**)
PSNS
85
Internal urethral sphincter inervated by
Lumbar splanchnics (**T11-L2**)
SNS
86
External urethral sphincter is inervated by
Pudendal N
87
What cuases rectal incontinence
Weakness of the puorectalis part of the levator ani muscle
88
Gonads + TDF
Testes
Seminiferous tubules
Rete testes
89
Gonads - TDF
Ovary
Follicles
Rete Ovarii
90
Paramesonephric ducts - MIF
Addenix of testes
91
Paramesonephri ducts + MIF
Uterine tubes
Uterus
Cervis
Upper part of vagina
92
Mesonephric ducts + Testosterone
Epididymis
Ductus deferens
Seminal vesicle
Ejaculatory duct
93
Mesonephric ducts - Testosterone
Duct of Gartner
94
Genital tubercle in males
Glans and body of penis
95
Genital tubercle in females
Clitoris
96
Urogenital folds in males
Ventral aspect of penis
97
Urogenital folds in females
Labia minora
98
Labioscrotal swellings in males
Scrotum
99
Labioscrotal swellings in female
Labia majora
100
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia leads to
Female Pseudointersexuality
