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Anatomy > Abdomen, Pelvis, and Perineum anatomy > Flashcards

Abdomen, Pelvis, and Perineum anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Linea Semilunaris

A

a curved line defining the lateral border of the rectus abdominin

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2
Q

Layers of the anterior abdominal wall

A
  1. Skin
  2. Superficial fascia
    1. Camper (fatty)
    2. Scarpa (fibrous)
  3. External oblique
  4. Internal oblique
  5. Transversus abdominis
  6. Transversalis fascia
  7. Extraperitoneal
  8. Parietal peritoneal
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3
Q

Inguinal ligament extends

A

between the anterior superior iliac spine and pubic tubercle

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4
Q

Lacunar ligament forms

A

the medial border of a femoral hernia

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5
Q

Transversalis fascia forms

A

A continuous lining of the entire abdominalopelvic cavity

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6
Q

Major arterial blood supply to the anterior wall is derived from

A
  1. Superior epigastric branch of the internal thoracic artery
  2. Inferior epigastric and deep circumflex iliac branches of the external iliac artery
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7
Q

Deep inguinal ring located

A

Lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels and immediatly superior to the midpoint of the inguinal ligament

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8
Q

Content of the female inguinal canal

A
  1. Round ligament of the uterus
  2. Ilioinguinal nerve (L1)
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9
Q

Content of male inguinal canal

A
  1. Ilioinguinal nerve
  2. Spermatic corda
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10
Q

Spermatic cord contains

A
  1. Testicular artery
  2. Pampiniform venous plexus
  3. Vas deferens
  4. Autonamic Nerves
  5. Lymphatics
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11
Q

Lymphatics drainage of the testis

A

Drain into the lunber (aortic) nodes of the lumber region

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12
Q

What nerve intervates the cremasteric muscle

A

Genitofemoral N

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13
Q

Congenital indirect inguinal hernia is usually due to

A

Persistent process vaginalis

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14
Q

Hydrocele is fluid in

A

Tunica vaginalis

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15
Q

Direct herinas are found

A

medial to the inferior epigastric vessels

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16
Q

Indirect hernias are found

A

lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels

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17
Q

Indirect hernias follow

A

the route taken by the testis and are found within the spermatic cord

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18
Q

Which is the only hernia that pass through the deep ring

A

Indirect hernia

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19
Q

What are the borders of the Inguinal (Hasselbach’s) triangle

A
  • Lateral: inferior epigastic vessels
  • Medial: rectus abdominis muscle
  • Inferior: Inguinal ligament
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20
Q

The primitive gut tube is formed by

A

Incorporation of the yolk sac into the embryo

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21
Q

Foregut artery

A

Celiac

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22
Q

Foregut PSNS

A

Vagus

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23
Q

Foregut SNS

A

Preganglionic: Thoracic splanchnic N T5-T9

Postganglionic: Celiac ganglion

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24
Q

Foregut referred pain

A

Epigastrium

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25
Q

Derivatives of the foregut

A
  1. Esophagus
  2. Stomach
  3. Duodenum (first and second)
  4. Liver
  5. Pancreas
  6. GB
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26
Q

Midgut artery

A

Superior Mesenteric

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27
Q

Midgut PSNS

A

Vagus

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28
Q

Midgut SNS

A

Preganglionic: Thoracic splanchnic nerves T9-T12

Postganglionic: Superior mesenteric ganglion

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29
Q

Midgut referred pain

A

Umbilical

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30
Q

Derivatives of the midgut

A
  1. Duodenum (second, third, and forth)
  2. Jejunum
  3. Ileum
  4. Cecum
  5. Appendix
  6. Ascending colon
  7. Transverse colon (proximal 2/3)
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31
Q

Hindgut artery

A

Inferior Mesenteric

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32
Q

Hindgut PSNS

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerve

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33
Q

Hindgut referred pain

A

Hypogastrium

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34
Q

Derivatives of hindgut

A
  1. Transverse colon (distal 1/3)
  2. Descending colong
  3. Sigmoid colon
  4. Rectum
  5. Anal canal (above pectinate line)
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35
Q

What develops from endodermal outgrowth of the foregut

A
  1. Lower respiratory tract
  2. Liver
  3. Pancrease
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36
Q

Where is the lesser sac formed

A

Posterior to the stomach and the lesser omentum

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37
Q

What is the only communication between the greater sac and lesser sac

A

Epiploic foramen of Winslow

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38
Q

Major intraperitoneal organs (suspended by a mesentery)

A
  1. Stomach
  2. Liver and GB
  3. Spleen
  4. Duodenum (1st part)
  5. Tail of pancreas
  6. Jejunum
  7. Ileum
  8. Appendix
  9. Transverse colon
  10. Sigmoid colon
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39
Q

Major Secondary Retroperitoneal organs (lost a mesentery during development)

A
  1. Duodenum (2nd and 3rd parts)
  2. Head, neck, and body of pancreas
  3. Ascending colon
  4. Descending colon
  5. Upper rectum
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40
Q

Major Primary Retroperitoneal organs (never had a mesentery)

A
  1. Kidenys
  2. Adrenal glands
  3. Ureters
  4. Aorta
  5. IVC
  6. Lower rectum
  7. Anal canal
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41
Q

Boundaries of the epiploic foramen (of Winslow)

A
  • Anterior: Hepatoduodenal ligament and hepatic protal vein
  • Posterior: IVC
  • Superior: Caudate lobe of the liver
  • Inferior: First part of the duodenum
42
Q

Falciform ligament contains

A

Ligamentum teres of liver

43
Q

Lesser omentum contains

A

Hepatogastric ligament

Hepatoduodenal ligament

44
Q

Helpatoduodenal ligament contains

A
  1. Common bile duct
  2. Proper hepatic A
  3. Hepatic Portal V
45
Q

Gastroschisis is due to

A

Defect in the closure of the lateral body folds and a weakness of the anterior wall at the site of absorption of the right umbilical vein

46
Q

Ileal (Mechel) Diverticulum is due to

A

a remnant of the vitelline duct persists forming a blind pouch

47
Q

Portal triad are located in

A

Hepatoduodenal ligament

48
Q

Head of pancreas recieves blood supply from

A

Superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal branches of the gastroduodenal and superior mesenteric arteries

49
Q

The spleen is beneath what ribs

A

9th, 10th, and 11th

50
Q

What travels in the splenorenal ligament

A

Splenic artery and vein

51
Q

What connects lesser curvature of stomach to the liver

A

Lesser omentum (hepatogastric ligament)

52
Q

What descends posterior to the first part of duodenum

A

Gastroduodenal artery and common bile duct

53
Q

What nerve intervates the external anal sphincter

A

Pudendal n

54
Q

Where does lymph from above the pectinate line drain to

A

Iliac LN

55
Q

What is the origin above pectinate line

A

Endoderm

56
Q

What is the origin below pectinate line

A

Ectoderm

57
Q

Lymph below pectinate line drains to

A

Superficial inguinal nodes

58
Q

Where does Abdominal Aorta bifucate

A

L4 vertebral level

59
Q

Celiac artery located

A

L1

60
Q

Renal arteries located

A

L2

61
Q

Inferior mesenteric locatated

A

L3

62
Q

What supplies the lesser curvature of the stomach

A

Left gastric artery

63
Q

Ulcer on posterior wall of stomach can erode

A

Splenic artery

64
Q

Uler of the lesser curvature of stomach may erode

A

Left gastric artery

65
Q

Ulcer of the posterior wall of the first part of duodenum may erode

A

gastroduodenal artery

66
Q

Branches of SMA

A
  • Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
    • Anastomose with superior pancreaticoduodenal branches
  • Intestinal arteries
  • Ileocolic artery
    • lower right quadrant to supply the distal ileum and cecum
  • Right colic artery
    • ascending colon
  • Middle colic artery
    • proximal 2/3 of transverse colon
67
Q

Branches of IMA

A
  • Left colic artery
    • Distal third of transverse colon and descending colong
  • Sigmoid arteries
  • Superior rectal artery
    • Superior aspect of the rectum and anal canal
68
Q

Most common sight of bowl ischemia

A

Splenic flexure

69
Q

Hepatic portal vein formed by

A

Union of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins posterior to the neck of the pancreas

70
Q

Umbilical anastomoses

A

Paraumbilical v => superficial v of the anterior abdominal wall

71
Q

Rectal anastomoses

A

Superior rectal v (IMV) => Inferior rectal V (Internal iliac v)

72
Q

Pronephros forms

A

Nephric tubes then disappear with no function

73
Q

Medial end of Mesonphros enlarge to form

A

Bowman’s capsule

74
Q

Lateral end of the mesonephros become

A

Mesonephric (Wolffian) duct

75
Q

What is the fate of the mesonphric tubes in males

A

Becomes Ductus epidiymidis, ductus deferens, and ejaculatry duct

76
Q

Metanephros AKA

A

Permanent kidney

77
Q

What two sources develop into Metanephros

A

Uretric bud and metanephric mass

78
Q

What does the urorectal septum seperate

A

Anorectal canal and urogenital sinus

79
Q

Lumen of the allantois becomes

A

Urachus

80
Q

Urachus becomes

A

Medial umbilical ligament

81
Q

Renal agenesis is due to

A

Early degneration of the ureteric bud

82
Q

Drainage of urine through umbilicus is due to

A

Patent urchus due to failure of the allantois to be obliterated

83
Q

Kidneys are in contact with

A

Diaphragm

Psoas major

Quadratus lumborum

84
Q

Detrusor muscle inervated by

A

Pelvic Splanchinic (S2, 3, 4)

PSNS

85
Q

Internal urethral sphincter inervated by

A

Lumbar splanchnics (T11-L2)

SNS

86
Q

External urethral sphincter is inervated by

A

Pudendal N

87
Q

What cuases rectal incontinence

A

Weakness of the puorectalis part of the levator ani muscle

88
Q

Gonads + TDF

A

Testes

Seminiferous tubules

Rete testes

89
Q

Gonads - TDF

A

Ovary

Follicles

Rete Ovarii

90
Q

Paramesonephric ducts - MIF

A

Addenix of testes

91
Q

Paramesonephri ducts + MIF

A

Uterine tubes

Uterus

Cervis

Upper part of vagina

92
Q

Mesonephric ducts + Testosterone

A

Epididymis

Ductus deferens

Seminal vesicle

Ejaculatory duct

93
Q

Mesonephric ducts - Testosterone

A

Duct of Gartner

94
Q

Genital tubercle in males

A

Glans and body of penis

95
Q

Genital tubercle in females

A

Clitoris

96
Q

Urogenital folds in males

A

Ventral aspect of penis

97
Q

Urogenital folds in females

A

Labia minora

98
Q

Labioscrotal swellings in males

A

Scrotum

99
Q

Labioscrotal swellings in female

A

Labia majora

100
Q

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia leads to

A

Female Pseudointersexuality

Anatomy (25 decks)

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