Back and ANS

Question 1

32 Vertebrae

Answer 1

• 7 Cervical
• 12 Thoracic
• 5 Lumbar
• 5 Sacral

Question 2

Spinal nerves exit from

Answer 2

Intervertebral foramina

Question 3

How are each intervertebral disk numbered

Answer 3

By the vertebral body above the disk

Question 4

Intervertebral disks are composed of

Answer 4

Anulus fibrosus

Nucleus pulposus

Question 5

Anulus fibrosus consists of

Answer 5

the outer concentric ring of fibrocartilage and fibrous CT

Question 6

Nucleus pulposus is

Answer 6

an inner soft, elastic, compressible material that functioins as a shock absorber for external forces

Question 7

Nucleus pulposus is the postnatal remnant of

Answer 7

notochord

Question 8

Herniation of nucleus pulposus is most commonly in

Answer 8

a posterolateral direction

Question 9

Anterior boundery of intervertebral foramen

Answer 9

Bodies of the vertebrae and intervertebral disks

Question 10

Posterior boundery of intervertebral foramen

Answer 10

Zygapophyseal joint and articular processes

Question 11

Superior and Inferior bounderies of intervertebral foramen

Answer 11

Pedicles of the vertebrae

Question 12

Spinal Cord with Pia mater terminates at

Answer 12

L1 or L2 vertebtral levels

Question 13

Two specialized Pia mater attached to spinal cord

Answer 13

Denticulate ligaments

Filum terminale

Question 14

Denticulate ligaments are

Answer 14

Bilateral thickenings of pia mater that run continuously on the lateral sides of the midpoint of the cord

Question 15

Denticulate ligaments job

Answer 15

is to separate the ventral and dorsal roots of the spinal nerves and anchor to the dura mater

Question 16

Filum terminale is

Answer 16

a continuation of the pia mater distal to the lower end of the spinal cord

Question 17

Dura mater and dural sac terminate

Answer 17

inferiorly at the second sacral vertebra level

Question 18

Significance of L1 or L2 vertebrae

Answer 18

Inferior limit of spinal cord in adults

Conus medullaris

Question 19

Significance of S2 vertebra

Answer 19

Inferior limit of Dural sac and the Subarachnoid spce

Question 20

Layers of epidural anesthesia

Answer 20

1. Skin
2. Fascia
3. Ligamentum flavum
4. Epidural space

Question 21

Layers of lumbar puncture

Answer 21

1. Skin
2. Superficial Fascia
3. Deep Fascia
4. Ligamentum Flavum
   
   1. Supraspinous ligament
   2. Infraspinous ligament
5. Interlaminar space
6. Epidural space
7. Dura mater
8. Arachnoid
9. Subarachnoid space

Question 22

31 spinal nerves

Answer 22

• 8 Cervical
• 12 Thoracic
• 5 Lumbar
• 5 Sacral
• 1 Cocygeal

Question 23

Dorsal Rami

Answer 23

Innervate the skin of the dorsal surface of the back, neck, zygapophyseal joints, and intrinsic skeletal muscles of the deep back

Question 24

Ventral rami forms

Answer 24

Brachial and lumbosacral plexuses

Question 25

C1-C7 nerves exit

Answer 25

the intervertebral foramina **superior** to the pedicles of the same-numbered vertebrae

Question 26

C8 nerve exits

Answer 26

the intervertebral foramen **inferior** to the C7 pedicle

Question 27

T1 and below nerves exit

Answer 27

Intervertebral foramina **inferior** to the pedicle

Question 28

Preganglionic cell body of SNS found in

Answer 28

Lateral horn gray matter of spinal cord **T1-L2**

Question 29

PSNS preganglionc cell bodies found in

Answer 29

* Gray matter of brain stem * CN 3, 7, 9, 10 * Spinal cord gray in sacral segments **S2, 3, and 4** (**Pelvic Splanchnics**)