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Anatomy > GI tissue > Flashcards

GI tissue Flashcards

1
Q

4 layers of GI

A
  1. Mucosa
  2. Submucosa
  3. Muscularis externa
  4. Serosa
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2
Q

3 components of mucosa

A

Epithelium

Lamina propria

Muscularis mucosa

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3
Q

GALT located in

A

Lamina propria of mucosa

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4
Q

2 layers of muscle in muscularis externa

A

Inner ciruclar

Outer longitudinal

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5
Q

Meissner’s plexus

A
  • interconnected network of ganglia and nerves located in submucosa
  • Responsible for intrinsic motility of the lining of GI tract
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6
Q

Auerbach’s plexus

A

network of neuronal ganglia located between 2 muscle layers of muscularis externa

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7
Q

Cells/function located in body and fundus of stomach

A
  1. Mucus cells
  2. Cheif cells: secrete pepsinogen and lipase precursor
  3. Parietal cells: Secrete HCl and intrinsic factor
  4. Enteroendocrine cells
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8
Q

Cells of pylorus of stomach

A
  1. Mucous cells
  2. Parietal cells
  3. EE cells
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9
Q

Brunner glands found in

A

Duodenum

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10
Q

Cells/function in dueodenum

A
  1. Goblet cells: Secrete acid glycoproteins that protect lining
  2. Paneth cells: granules that contake lysozyme
  3. EE cells
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11
Q

HCL secretion stimulated by

A

Gastrin

ACh (from Vagus)

Histamine

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12
Q

HCl inhibited by

A

Low pH

Prostaglandins

Chyme in duodenum via GIP and Secretin

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13
Q

Pepsinogen secretion simulated by

A
  1. ACh (from vagus)
  2. Gastrin
  3. HCl
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14
Q

Gastrin secretion stimulated by

A
  1. Small peptides/aa
  2. Vagus (via GRP)
  3. Stomach distention
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15
Q

CCK source

A

I cells of duodenum and jejunum

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16
Q

CCK secretion stimulated by

A
  1. Fatty Acids, monoglycerides
  2. Small peptides and AA
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17
Q

Action of CCK

A
  1. Stimulates GB contraction and relaxes sphincter of Oddi
  2. Increase pancreatic enzyme secretion
  3. Inhibits gastric emptying to aid in digestion
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18
Q

Secretin source

A

S cells of duodenum

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19
Q

Secretin secretion stimulated by

A

Decrease pH in duodenal lumen

FA in duodenal lumen

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20
Q

Action of Secretin

A
  1. Increase pancreatic HCO3 secretion
  2. Increase bile production
  3. Decrease gastric H secretion
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21
Q

GIP source

A

K cells of duodenum and jejunum

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22
Q

GIP secretion stimulated by

A
  1. Glucose
  2. FA
  3. AA
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23
Q

Action of GIP

A

Increase insulin release

Decrease gastic H secretioin

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24
Q

GI stem cells located in

A

Isthmus

25
Q

Carbohydrate digestion

A

Pancreatic amylase completes the hydrolysis of polysaccharides to disaccharides that is initiated by salivary amylase in the mouth

26
Q

Protein digestion

A

Pancreatic enzymes, trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase and carboxypeptidase mediate further digestion to small peptide fragments

27
Q

Fat digestion

A
  1. Pancreatic lipase digest
  2. Then combine with bile salts to form miscelles
  3. Then attaches to chylomicrons
28
Q

Contractile wave stimulated by

A

ACh and Supbstance P

29
Q

What is absorbed by colon

A

Na and water

30
Q

What is secreted into colon

A

K and HCO3

31
Q

External anal sphincter innervated by

A

Pudendal N

32
Q

Valsalva maneuver

A

Intra-abdominal pressure is increased due to voluntarly relaxed external anal sphincter

33
Q

Feeding center of Hypothalamus location

A

Lateral Hypothalamic area

34
Q

Satiety center of Hypothalamus location

A

Ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus

35
Q

CCK-A receptor location

A

Periphery

36
Q

CCK-B receptor location

A

Brain

37
Q

CCK affect on appetite

A

Reduce

38
Q

α-amylase in Saliva digests

A

Starch

39
Q

What antibacterial is found in Saliva

A
  1. Lysozyme
  2. lactoferrin
  3. Defensins
  4. IgA
40
Q

Parotid gland location

A

Lie on surface of masseter muscles in the lateral face, in front of each external auditory meatus

41
Q

Parotid glands drain via

A

Stensen’s duct

42
Q

Stensen’s duct opens

A

above the second upper molar tooth

43
Q

What type of gland is Parotid gland

A

Entirely serous

44
Q

Submandibular gland location

A

Lie inside the lower edge of mandible

45
Q

Submandibular gland drian via

A

Wharton’s duct

46
Q

Wharton’s duct opens to

A

The base of tongue

47
Q

What type of gland is the submandibular gland

A

both serous and mucous but mainly serous

48
Q

What pancreatic enzymes catalyze conversion of Proteins to peptides

A

Trypsin

Chymotrypsin

49
Q

What pancreatic enzyme catalyzes conversion of peptides to aa

A

Carboxypeptidase

50
Q

What pancreatic enzyme breaks down starch and glycogen

A

Amylase

51
Q

What pancreatic enzyme breaks down phospholipids

A

Phospholipases A and B

52
Q

Basal cells of hepatocytes form

A

Bile canaliculi

53
Q

Portal triad/portal tract consists of

A

Hepatic A

Portal V

Bile duct

54
Q

What is the portal lobule

A
  • a triangular structure with a central v at each orner and a portal tract in the center
  • Bile flows from the periphery of the portal lobule into the central triad
55
Q

What is Zone 1 hepatocytes involved in

A

Glycogen synthesis and plasma protein synthesis

56
Q

Zone 3 hepatocytes are most involved in

A

Lipid, drug and alcohol metabolism and detoxification

57
Q

Ito cells are

A

Stellate cells that live in the space of disse

Contain fat and are involved in storage of fat-soluble vit (vit A)

58
Q

What is responsible for scarring of liver

A

Ito cells secreting Type 1 collagen in response to injury

Anatomy (25 decks)

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