Nervous System

Question 1

Schwannomas typically affect which CN seen in Neurofibromatosis type 2

Answer 1

CN 8

Question 2

MS symptoms

Answer 2

1. Vision loss (optic neuritis)
2. Internuclear ophthalmoplegis (MLF)
3. Motor and sensory deficits
4. Vertigo
5. Neuropsychiatric

Question 3

Metachromatic leukodytrophy symptoms

Answer 3

Four types:

Motor and cognitive issues

Seizure

Question 4

Metachromatic leukodystrophy is due to

Answer 4

Arylsulfatase A deficiency in lysosomes affects both CNS and PNS myelin

Question 5

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) caused by

Answer 5

CJD virus that affects immunocomprised pts (especially AIDs)

Demyelination, astrogliosis, lymphohistiocytosis

Question 6

PML symptoms

Answer 6

Limb weakness

Speech problems

Question 7

Central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) patho

Answer 7

Focal demyelination of central area of basis pontis (affects corticospina, corticobulbar tracts)

Severely malnourished, alcoholics, liver disease

Overly aggressive correction of hyponatremia

Question 8

CPM symptoms

Answer 8

1. Pseduobulbar palsy
2. Spastic quadriparesis
3. Mental changes
4. Locked-in syndrome
5. FATAL

Question 9

Guillain-Barre syndrome patho

Answer 9

2/3 of pts have a history of respiratory or GI illness 1-3 wks prior to onset

Elevated CSF proteins with normal cell count

Question 10

Guillain-Barre syndrome symptoms

Answer 10

1. Acute symmetric ascending inflammatory neuropathy of PNS myelin
2. Weakness begins in lower limbs and ascends
3. Respiratory failure can occur in severe cases
4. Autonomic dysfunction
5. CN involvement is common
6. Senesory loss, pain, and paresthesias rarely occur
7. Reflexes invariably decreased or absent

Question 11

Alar plate

Answer 11

Sensory

Question 12

Basal plate

Answer 12

Motor

Question 13

Telencephalon becomes

Answer 13

Cerebral hemispheres and lateral ventricles

Question 14

Diencephalon becomes

Answer 14

Thalamus and third ventricle

Question 15

Mesencephalon becomes

Answer 15

Midbrain and Cerebral aqueduct

Question 16

Metencephalon becomes

Answer 16

Pons and cerebellum

Question 17

Myelencephalon becomes

Answer 17

Medulla

Question 18

Fourth ventricles derived from

Answer 18

Myelencephalon and metencephalon

Question 19

Arnold-Chiari type 2 malformation is

Answer 19

Downward displacement of cerebellar vermis & medullah through foramen magnum cuasing compression of 4th ventricle leading to obstructuve hydrocephaly

Question 20

Dandy-Walker malformation is

Answer 20

Failure of foramina of Luschka and Magendie to open leading to Dilation of 4th venticle

Agenesis of cerebellar vermis and splenium of the corpus callosum

Question 21

Holoprosencephaly seen in

Answer 21

Trisomy 13 (Patau)