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PHYSIO II > thermoregulation > Flashcards

thermoregulation Flashcards

1
Q

normal homeothermy is a balance of what?

A
  • hypothermia

- hyperthermia

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2
Q

2 general classifications of thermoregulation

A
  • poililotherms

- homeotherms

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3
Q

what are poikilotherms?

A
  • ectothermic
  • cold-blooded
  • variable body temp
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4
Q

what are homeotherms?

A
  • endothermic
  • warm-blooded
  • “constant” body temp
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5
Q

what are the advantages of poikilotherms?

A
  1. less energy expenditure
  2. food conserving mechanism
  3. alter behavior based on external temp
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6
Q

what are the disadvantages of poikilotherms?

A
  1. unable to have high year-round productivity**
  2. habitat limitations
  3. cannot tolerate extremes in temperature
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7
Q

are homeotherms or poikilotherms more capable of tolerating environmental extremes?

A

homeotherms

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8
Q

are neonates good at maintaining a constant temperature?

A

no

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9
Q

heat production has to equal=

A

heat loss

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10
Q

do we lose more animals due to heat stress or cold stress?

A

heat stress

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11
Q

radiation, conduction and convection are dependent on:

A

temperature gradient

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12
Q

delta Tc should be close to/equal to what

A

zero

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13
Q

what is raditaion?

A

transfer of heat between NON-TOUCHING objects can be a loss or a gain

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14
Q

what is conduction?

A

transfer of heat between TOUCHING objects can be a gain or loss

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15
Q

what are the two biggest avenues of heat exchange?

A
  • convection

- evaporation

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16
Q

what is convection?

A

transfer of heat via a FLUID medium

-i.e air, blood, water

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17
Q

what is the most common way we transfer heat?

A

through the blood

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18
Q

what are the 2 types of convection?

A

natural and forced

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19
Q

what is natural convection?

A

warmed air move away from the body occurs in still air situations

20
Q

what is forced convection?

A

moving air or fluid over surface

21
Q

always beware of what?

A

drafts

22
Q

what is a great insulator?

A

air

23
Q

what are great conductors?

A

water and blood

24
Q

what is evaporation?

A

transfer of heat as a liquid is converted to a gas

25
Q

what is evaporation highly influenced by?

A

relative humidity

26
Q

T/F: evaporation is always a loss.

A

true

27
Q

you have to live in an environment above what?

A

rectal temp

28
Q

what type of heat transfers heat to the lung surface?

A

convection

29
Q

what is vital to survive in heat stress?

A

evaporation

30
Q

if you block evaporation, you must increase _______ or decrease ____.

A
  • other losses

- heat gain

31
Q

aprocine sweat gland have what kind of secretions?

A

protein

32
Q

eccrine sweat glands have what kind of secretions?

A

aqueous

33
Q

homeotherms must make (more/less) heat production.

A

more

34
Q

heat production is proportionate to what?

A

metabolic size

35
Q

heat loss is in proportion to what?

A

surface area

36
Q

exercise increases what?

A

basal metabolic rate

37
Q

hormone of metabolic rate

A

thyroxine, testosterone

38
Q

do younger or older animals have a higher BMR?

A

younger

39
Q

the is Bergmann’s Rule

A

in colder climates, animals will be larger

40
Q

characteristics of hiberation

A
  • reduced metabolic rate ~25% of normal
  • lower body temp
  • reduced HR
41
Q

ways to increase heat production:

A
  • shivering
  • digestion
  • non-shivering thermogenesis
  • brown fat
  • exercise
42
Q

to lose heat, we must get it where?

A

to the surface

43
Q

are tissues/air good conductors?

A

no

44
Q

what is vital to control of hyperthermia?

A

blood brain temperature

45
Q

what increases heat capacity?

A

hydration

46
Q

Mount;s concept of thermalnutrality

A
  • there’s a wide range of temperature (*balance)
    1. comfortability
    2. choice
    3. max health
    4. lowest mainentance
    5. max gain and feed efficiency

PHYSIO II (33 decks)

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