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PHYSIO II > GI2 > Flashcards

GI2 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the GI self-regulatory hormones?

A
  • CCK
  • secretin
  • GIP
  • gastrin
  • motilin
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2
Q

what are the GI self-regulatory neurocrine secretions?

A
  • Ach
  • NO
  • Substance P
  • VIP
  • Serotonin
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3
Q

what are the GI self-regulatory candidate hormones?

A
  • enteroglucagon
  • pancreatic polypeptide
  • peptide YY
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4
Q

what are the GI self-regulatory paracrine secretions?

A
  • histamine
  • somatostatin
  • serotonin
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5
Q

a gut hormone must:

A
  • be excreted by a cell in the gut or exert its effect on the gut
  • use endocrine route (blood)
  • stimulated by food
  • not dependent on neural control
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6
Q

where is gastrin produced

A

G cells; duodenum and pancreas

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7
Q

what is gastrin’s release stimulus?

A

peptides, AAs

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8
Q

what is gastrin’s major action?

A

(+) parietal cell HCl secretion

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9
Q

where is secretin produced?

A

S cells in the duodenum; jejunum

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10
Q

what is secretin’s release stimulus?

A

acid, fat, protein

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11
Q

what is secretin’s major action?

A

(+)HCO3- secretion, (-) HCl secretion

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12
Q

where is CCK produced?

A

I cells; small intestine and enteric neurons

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13
Q

what is CCK’s release stimulus?

A

fats, proteins

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14
Q

what is CCK’s major action?

A

(+) pancreatic enzyme and insulin secretion; (+) bile secretion; satiety factor

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15
Q

where is GIP produced?

A

K cells; duodenum and jejunum

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16
Q

what is GIP’s release stimulus?

A

fats and glucose

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17
Q

what is GIP’s major action?

A

(-) gastric secretions; (+) insulin secretion

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18
Q

where is motilin produced?

A

M cells; duodenum, jejunum

19
Q

what is motilin’s release stimulus?

A

increase in duodenal pH; ACh

20
Q

what is motilin’s major action?

A

antral and duodenal MMC, Phase III induction during digestion

21
Q

what cells produce the greatest proportion of serotonin?

A

enterochromaffin cells

-present all throughout the GI tract

22
Q

what does serotonin (5-HT) stimulate?

A
  • ENS
  • vagal afferents (gut->brain)
  • enterocyte secretion
  • blood flow
23
Q

what stimulates enterochromaffin cells?

A
  • hyperosmolality

- acidity

24
Q

T’F: stimulation of serotonin receptors can cause nausea?

A

true

25
Q

what are trophic effects of regulatory peptides?

A
  • supply and demand
  • increase feed, increase demand
  • increase production and secretion of trophic factors
26
Q

what does gastric cause the growth of?

A

gastric mucosa

27
Q

what two things cause the growth of intestinal mucosa?

A
  • enteroglucagon

- cholecystokinin

28
Q

what regulatory peptides are increased for cold adaptation? (increased food intake)

A
  • CCK (elongation of intestinal villi)

- enteroglucagon (enhanced absorption)

29
Q

the greater the propulsive movement, the (higher/lower) the transit time and the (greater/lower) the transit rate.

A
  • lower

- greater

30
Q

the lower the propulsive movement, the (higher/lower) the transit time and the (greater/lower) the transit rate.

A
  • greater

- lower

31
Q

what is a syncytium?

A

a multinucleated mass of protoplasm such as a striated muscle fiber

32
Q

what faciliates protoplasmic continuity between smooth muscle cells, thereby inparting smooth muscles with the properties of a syncytium?

A

gap junctions

33
Q

what are gap junctions?

A

intercellular channels that permit exchange of substances(eg. Ca2+, cAMP, ATP) between cells)

34
Q

how many connexons and connexins does each gap junction have?

A 
2 connexons
12 connexins (6/connexon)
35
Q

what is the basic electrical rhythm of GI smooth muscle?

A

slow waves

36
Q

are slow waves always present?

A

yes

37
Q

smooth muscle cells are ___ electrically and forma functional ___.

A
  • coupled

- syncitium

38
Q

what is electrical coupling between cells facilitated by?

A

gap junctions

39
Q

are slow waves neurogenic or myogenic?

A

myogenic

-no neural input is required

40
Q

what cells serve as the pacemaker cells of the GI tract?

A

ICC (interstitial cells of Cajal)

41
Q

how do ICC cells work?

A

they partially depolarize and set basic electrical rhythm

42
Q

do smooth muscle slow wave frequency, amplitude and kinetics differ between species?

A

yes

43
Q

do smooth muscle slow wave frequency, amplitude and kinetics differ between segments of the GI tract?

A

yes

PHYSIO II (33 decks)

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