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PHYSIO II > GI3 > Flashcards

GI3 Flashcards

1
Q

action potentials can occur when threshold potential is more ___ than (depolarized relative to) ~40mV.

A

positive`

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2
Q

what is the input for action potentials in the GI tract?

A

PS NS

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3
Q

what provides a low-resistance pathway for ions to move between smooth muscle cells?

A

gap junctions

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4
Q

in the absence of PS input:

A
  • slow waves only
  • no AP
  • no contraction
  • no change in muscle tension
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5
Q

PS input enables what:

A
  • slow waves
  • APs
  • contraction
  • increase in muscle tension
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6
Q

what do excitatory neurohormonal substances do?

A
  • depolarize RMP, Vm
  • increase likihood of contraction
  • increase contraction/motility
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7
Q

what does sympathetic input do to the resting potential?

A
  • hyperpolarizes it

- decreases contraction/motility

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8
Q

what cranial nerves are involved in prehension? sensory/motor

A

sensory: 1,2,5
motor: 5,7,9

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9
Q

mastication incorporates what into food?

A

salivary amylase

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10
Q

what are the two phases of swallowing?

A
  • voluntary

- involuntary

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11
Q

what are the steps of swallowing?

A
  • closure of pharynx
  • glottis pulls under epiglottis
  • closure of larynx
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12
Q

what kind of muscle is in the esophagus?

A

striated and smooth muscle

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13
Q

striated muscle of esophagus is under what kind of control?

A

somatic motor control by vagus

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14
Q

smooth muscle is under what kind of control?

A

ENS/ANS control

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15
Q

what plexus is present throughout the length of the esophagus?

A

myenteris plexus

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16
Q

both sphinters of the esophagus are normally (open/closed)

A

closed

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17
Q

what is the proximal part of the fundus?

A

fundus (storage region)

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18
Q

how does the fundus accomodate ingesta?

A

adaptive (receptive) relaxation

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19
Q

what is the distal part of the stomach?

A

antrum

20
Q

what is the role of the antrum?

A

grind ingesta and present it to the SI

21
Q

muscular activity of the antrum is increased by what?

A

PS (ACh) input

22
Q

what hormones stimulate gastric motility?

A
  • gastrin

- motilin

23
Q

what hormones inhibit gastric motility?

A
  • CCK
  • secretin
  • CIP
24
Q

stomach emptying matches ___ and ___

A

-digestion and absorption

25
Q

what are the 2 kinds of motility during the digestive phase of the SI?

A

-propulsive and non-proulsive

26
Q

what are charactertics of propulsive motility in the SI

A
  • aboral
  • peristaltic
  • slow waves
  • travel slow distances
27
Q

what are characteristics of non-propulsive motility in the SI?

A
  • segmentation: results from localized contractions
  • 3-4 cm long
  • mixing action
28
Q

is there digestion in the inter-digestive phase in the GI tract?

A

yes

29
Q

what does MMC stand for/do?

A
  • migrating motility/myoelectric complex

- pushes undigested material out of SI

30
Q

when is MMC most present?

A

between meals

31
Q

___ _____ ultimately produces intense peristalsis and propulsive motility

A

-excitation-contraction coupling

32
Q

what are the general functions of the colon?

A
  • water and electrolyte absorption
  • fermentation
  • storage of feces
33
Q

colonic motility facilitates ___ and thereby optimizes colonic functions.

A

mixing

34
Q

what are two structural specializations of the colon?

A
  • haustra (saccules)

- segmentation

35
Q

what is colon mixing optimized by?

A

-haustra and segmentation

36
Q

what is a strong mixing property of the colon?

A

retropulsion

37
Q

what processes are influence by colonis motility?

A
  • absorption

- fermentation

38
Q

carnivores have a colonic pacemaker located near the juncture between ____ and ___ colon segements

A

transverse and descending

39
Q

the horse has a colonic pacemaker located near the _____

A

pelvic flexure (ascending colon)

40
Q

the internal smooth muscle anal sphincter is relaxed by what NS?

A

PS

41
Q

the internal smooth muscle anal sphincter is relaxed by what NS?

A

sympathetic

42
Q

the external striated muscle anal sphincter is (voluntary/involuntary)? and intervated by what?

A
  • voluntary

- GSA pudendal nerve

43
Q

what is the glandular stomach of the avian?

A

proventriculus

44
Q

what is the muscular “gizzard” of the avian?

A

ventriculus

45
Q

what happens in the crop?

A

mucous secretion/storage of fod

46
Q

what happens in the paired ceca?

A
  • urinary excretions

- reabsorption of water and electrolytes

PHYSIO II (33 decks)

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