musch 4

Question 1

what kind of receptors are the baroreceptors?

Answer 1

mechano and stretch receptors

Question 2

where are baroreceptors ?

Answer 2

aortic arch and carotids bodies

Question 3

where are chemoreceptors in the heart?

Answer 3

carotid arch

Question 4

vasoconstriction does what to SVR?

Answer 4

increases SVR

Question 5

how to increase blood pressure?

Answer 5

increase venous return
increase preload
increase stroke volume

Question 6

how to decrease blood pressure?

Answer 6

the body doesn’t have a good mechanism for decreasing pressure

Question 7

what is a result of hypertension on the heart?

Answer 7

hypertrophy of he left ventricle

Question 8

what are the fast-responding-sensors that detect rapid changes in pressure?

Answer 8

arterial baroreceptors

Question 9

what are the slow-responding receptors that sense rapid changes in pressure?

Answer 9

cardiopulmonary receptors

Question 10

extrinsic regulation

Answer 10

neurogenic factors (sympathetic)

Question 11

intrinsic regulation

Answer 11

autoregulation no completely understood

Question 12

neurogenic factors receive input from:

Answer 12

1. baroreceptors
2. chemoreceptors
3. muscle receptors
4. trigeminal nerves

Question 13

what are the three vasoconstrictors?

Answer 13

NE

Question 14

what happens when the beta-1 receptors are stimulated?

Answer 14

increased heart rate

Question 15

what happens when the beta-2 receptors are stimulated in the periphery?

Answer 15

vasodilation

Question 16

sympathetic vasoconstriction

Answer 16

alpha-1 receptors

Question 17

what are the products of metabolism?

Answer 17

1. lactic acid->lactate->H+
2. K+
3. Pi - deprotonated phosphate
4. adenosine (*big dog)
5. CO2

Question 18

what can the products of metabolism stimulate?

Answer 18

vasodilation

Question 19

what does EDCF stand for?

Answer 19

endothelial derived constricting factors

Question 20

what does EDRF stand for?

Answer 20

endothelial derived relaxing factors

Question 21

what EDCF is the body’s last line of defense

Answer 21

endothelin

Question 22

where are eNOS (endothelial) found?

Answer 22

highly oxidative muscle (slow twitch)

Question 23

where are nNOS (neuronal) found?

Answer 23

fast twitch muscle

Question 24

where are iNOS (inducible) found?

Answer 24

immune response

Question 25

does cardiac or skeletal muscle have more pathways to regulate vascular control of blood floor through the organ system?

Answer 25

skeletal muscle