musch 4 Flashcards
what kind of receptors are the baroreceptors?
mechano and stretch receptors
where are baroreceptors ?
aortic arch and carotids bodies
where are chemoreceptors in the heart?
carotid arch
vasoconstriction does what to SVR?
increases SVR
how to increase blood pressure?
increase venous return
increase preload
increase stroke volume
how to decrease blood pressure?
the body doesn’t have a good mechanism for decreasing pressure
what is a result of hypertension on the heart?
hypertrophy of he left ventricle
what are the fast-responding-sensors that detect rapid changes in pressure?
arterial baroreceptors
what are the slow-responding receptors that sense rapid changes in pressure?
cardiopulmonary receptors
extrinsic regulation
neurogenic factors (sympathetic)
intrinsic regulation
autoregulation no completely understood
neurogenic factors receive input from:
- baroreceptors
- chemoreceptors
- muscle receptors
- trigeminal nerves
what are the three vasoconstrictors?
NE
what happens when the beta-1 receptors are stimulated?
increased heart rate
what happens when the beta-2 receptors are stimulated in the periphery?
vasodilation
sympathetic vasoconstriction
alpha-1 receptors
what are the products of metabolism?
- lactic acid->lactate->H+
- K+
- Pi - deprotonated phosphate
- adenosine (*big dog)
- CO2
what can the products of metabolism stimulate?
vasodilation
what does EDCF stand for?
endothelial derived constricting factors
what does EDRF stand for?
endothelial derived relaxing factors
what EDCF is the body’s last line of defense
endothelin
where are eNOS (endothelial) found?
highly oxidative muscle (slow twitch)
where are nNOS (neuronal) found?
fast twitch muscle
where are iNOS (inducible) found?
immune response
does cardiac or skeletal muscle have more pathways to regulate vascular control of blood floor through the organ system?
skeletal muscle
