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PHYSIO II > GI5 > Flashcards

GI5 Flashcards

1
Q

what are three things that amplifies surface area?

A
  • folds
  • villi and crypts
  • microvilli
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2
Q

the epithelium lining in the small intestine is ____

A

leaky

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3
Q

what part of the crypt contains digestive enzymes?

A

glycocalyx

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4
Q

what cells of the crypt secrete antimicrobial peptides?

A

paneth cells

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5
Q

are there stem cells in the crypt?

A

yes

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6
Q

what layer presents a barrier to diffusion in the gut?

A

unstirred layer

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7
Q

what two things make up the unstirred layer?

A
  • glycocalyx layer

- mucous layer

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8
Q

nutrients must pas though what layer in order to be absorbed?

A

unstirred layer

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9
Q

what is the overarching goal of digestion?

A

-reduce particle size to enable absorption

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10
Q

what is hydroysis?

A

splitting of a chemical bond by the insertion of water

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11
Q

what type of bonds are in carbs?

A

glycosidic bonds

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12
Q

what type of bonds are in proteins?

A

peptide bonds

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13
Q

what type of bonds are in fats?

A

ester bond

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14
Q

what type of bonds are in nucleic acids?

A

phosphodiester bonds

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15
Q

what do digestive enzymes do?

A

catalyze hydrolysis

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16
Q

what phase are proteins and starch hydrolyzed?

A

luminal phase, active withing the gut lumen

17
Q

what phase are polysaccharides and peptides hydrolyzed?

A

membranous phase, active at the gut epithelial surface

18
Q

where is the enzyme origin for luminal phase?

A
  • salivary glands
  • gastric glands
  • pancreas
19
Q

where is the enzyme origin for membranous phase?

A

-apical membrane of enterocytes

20
Q

what is starch comprised of?

A

amylose and amylopectin

21
Q

is amylose straight or branched?

A

straight

22
Q

is amylopectin straight or branched?

A

branched

23
Q

which peptidase can only cleave in the middle of a protein, and cannot release free amino acids?

A

endopeptidases

24
Q

which peptidase can cleave at the ends and release individual AAs?

A

exopeptidase

25
Q

what is a key pancreatic zymogen activator?

A

trypsin

26
Q

at what pH does pepsin have maximal activity?

A

pH 1-3

27
Q

T/F: the stomach is essential for digestion and survival.

A

false

28
Q

lactose breaks down into:

A

glucose and galactose

29
Q

sucrose breaks down into

A

glucose and fructose

30
Q

starch breaks down into

A

glucose

31
Q

GLUT5 carriers what?

A

glucose and fructose

32
Q

SGLT1 carries what?

A

glucose and galactose

33
Q

enterocytes absorb short peptides and free AAs but release only ___ ___ ___ into the blood.

A

-free amino acids

34
Q

many uptake uptake mechanisms are coupled to ____ movement.

A

Na+

35
Q

what is the first step of the absorptive process?

A

luminal uptake

PHYSIO II (33 decks)

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