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PHYSIO II > fong 2 > Flashcards

fong 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the basic functional unit of the kidney?

A

nephron

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2
Q

functions of the nephron?

A
  • filtration
  • reabsorption
  • secretion
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3
Q

loss of functional nephron units is a consequence of what disease?

A

Polycystic Kidney Disease (humans and cats)

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4
Q

what S segments are part of the proximal convoluted tubules?

A

S1 and S2

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5
Q

what S segments are part of the proximal straight tubule?

A

S3

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6
Q

how does the glomerulus discriminate between solutes?

A
  • size
  • charge
  • shape
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7
Q

the bulk of filtered solutes is REABSORBED where?

A

the proximal tubule

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8
Q

does the proximal tubule secrete select substances?

A

yes

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9
Q

what kind of transport is in the PT?

A
  • Na+ coupled transport

- isotonic

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10
Q

which PT segment has more mitochondria (S1 or S3)?

A

S1

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11
Q

what are the two types of nephrons?

A
  • cortical nephrons

- juxtamedullary nephrons

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12
Q

what are two characteristics of cortical nephrons?

A
  • short-looped

- renal corpuscles CLOSE to kidney surface

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13
Q

what are two characteristics of juxtamedullary nephrons?

A
  • long-looped

- renal corpuscles DEEPER within kidney

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14
Q

what type of nephron is an important concentrating mechanism?

A

juxtamedullary nephrons

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15
Q

T/F: concentrating ability is loosely related to the proportion of long-looped nephrons.

A

True

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16
Q

what are the H2O and NaCl permeabilities of the thin descending limb of the loop of henle?

A
  • high H2O permeability

- no NaCl permeability

17
Q

what are the H2O and NaCl permeabilities of the thin ascending limb of the loop of henle?

A
  • high NaCl permeability

- no H2O permeability

18
Q

what are the H2O and NaCl permeabilities of the thick descending limb of the loop of henle?

A
  • high ACTIVE transport of NaCl (requires ATP!)

- no H2O permeability

19
Q

the selective permeabilities of the loop segments promotes establishment and maintenance of ______ that is a necessary concentrating mechanism.

A

medullary hypertonicity

20
Q

tubular fluid in the distal tubule is what?

A

hypotonic

21
Q

what do macula densa cells sense?

A

salt load

22
Q

what provides tubuloglomerular feedback?

A

the juxtaglomerular (JG) apparatus

23
Q

the tubuloglomerular feedback enables balance between what?

A

renal blood flow and glomerular filtration

24
Q

what is absorbed in the distal convoluted tubule?

A

Na, Ca, Cl

25
Q

what are the functions of the collecting duct?

A
  • hormone-sensitivity

- fine-tuning salt, H2O and acid-base balance

26
Q

what are the 3 parts of the collecting duct?

A
  • cortical
  • outer medullary
  • inner medullary
27
Q

what is the cell population in the collecting duct?

A

heterogenous cell population

PHYSIO II (33 decks)

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