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PHYSIO II > pancreas > Flashcards

pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

is the duodenal or splenic lobe of the pancreas thicker?

A

splenic

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2
Q

what type of hormone is insulin?

A

protein

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3
Q

where is insulin synthesized?

A

beta cells of the pancreas

- in the endoplasmic reticulum

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4
Q

what increases insulin productino?

A
  • increased plasma [glucose]

- GI hormones

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5
Q

is insulin water-soluble?

A

yes

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6
Q

is insulin protein-bound?

A

no

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7
Q

main actions of insulin:

A
  • anabolic

- metabolism of carbs, fats and proteins

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8
Q

release of insulin via

A

increased [calcium]i

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9
Q

insulin leads to what

A
  • increased cellular glucose uptake

- increased synthesis of glycogen(liver), triglyceride(adipose), protein (muscle)

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10
Q

what GLUT is used by muscle and adipose tissue?

A

GLUT 4

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11
Q

what GLUT is used by neurons?

A

GLUT 3

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12
Q

what GLUT is used by erythrocytes?

A

GLUT 1

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13
Q

what GLUT is used by intestinal muscosal cells

A

GLUT2

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14
Q

synthesis of glycogen from glucose occurs where?

A

liver

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15
Q

synthesis of triglycerides fatty acids occurs where?

A

adipose tissue

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16
Q

synthesis of protein from amino acids occurs where?

A

muscle (due to increased AA uptake)

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17
Q

what is the most important factor controlling insulin release?

A

blood glucose

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18
Q

which produces a greater insulin response, oral glucose or blood glucose?

A

oral glucose

19
Q

insulin is governed by a (+/-) feedback mechanism?

A

positive feedback

20
Q

what decreases insulin secretion?

A

catecholamines

-via alpha-adrenergic receptors on beta cells

21
Q

what input increases insulin release?

A

cholinergic input

22
Q

the insulin:____ ratio is important

A

glucagon

23
Q

what increases glucagon synthesis?

A
  • catecholamines (e.g. EPI)
  • glucocorticoids (e.g. cortisol)
  • amino acids
24
Q

what decreases glucagon synthesis?

A
  • high plasma [glucose], [insulin]

- high plasma [free fatty acids]

25
Q

what cells produce glucagon?

A

alpha cells in the pancreas

26
Q

glucagon has a direct stimulatory effect on what cells?

A

beta cells

27
Q

effects of glucagon on the liver

A
  • increased glycogenolysis
  • increased gluconeogenesis
  • inhibits FFA production from glucose
28
Q

what is the net result of glucagon?

A

increased blood glucose

29
Q

effects of glucagon on adipose tissue?

A

leads to increased lipolysis

30
Q

during DM, in what direction is the insulin/glucagon ratio shifted?

A

liver shifted in the glucagon direction

31
Q

glucagon and insulin release are stimulated by what nervous system?

A

parasympathetic NS

32
Q

glucagon release, and NOT insulin, is stimulated by what nervous system?

A

sympathetic NS

33
Q

stressed cats especially display what?

A

hyperglycemia

34
Q

how do you test for islet cell function?

A
  • glucose tolerance test
  • 3 blood glucose readings
  • insulin RIA
35
Q

what is the translation of diabetes mellitus?

A

sweet diuresis

36
Q

what is diabetes mellitus?

A

absolute of relative deficiency of insulin

37
Q

what does canine parvovirus cause in the dog?

A

destruction of beta cells (type I)

38
Q

what is a major clinical of type of DM?

A

ketoacidotic

39
Q

what are the signs of diabetes mellitus?

A
  • polyuria
  • polydipsia
  • cataracts
  • obese w/ recent weight loss
  • hepatomegaly
  • ketone (acetone) breathe
40
Q

which type of DM is most common in companion animals?

A

type I -insulin-dependent

41
Q

what type of diabetes mellitus is most common in people?

A

type II - insulin independent

42
Q

what is the predominant effect of type II DM with low BW?

A

impaired insulin secretion

43
Q

what is the predominant effect of type I DM with obesity?

A
  • insulin resistance

- hyperinsulinemia

PHYSIO II (33 decks)

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