kumari chpt 2 Flashcards
what are the 3 layers of hte graafian follicle
theca externa
theca interna
granulosa cells
when is oogenesis initiated in the female?
during fetal development
what is oogenesis?
prenatal phase of growth and differentiation
-the process by whihc female gamete are genereated
what is folliculogenesis?
differentiation in the prepubertal phase
what is folliculogenesis and oogensis?
differentiation in the pubertal phase
oogenesis leads to the formation of a haploid or diploid cell?
haploid
what stage are oocytes arrested in?
diplotene stage
-(dictyate stage of meiosis)
what initiates growth of primordial folllicles?
oogenesis
do all follicles become graafian follicles?
no
what is the cause of follicular atresia and when does it happen?
- lack of support signal
- can occur at any step during folliculogenesis
what is the time required to complete follicular growth?
~10 estrous cycles
do all follicles follow the same pattern of development in all species?
no
high levels of what in the oocytes inhibits oocyte maturation?
cAMP
low levels of what stimulate oocyte maturation?
cAMP
what stimulates synthesis of hylauronic acid in the granulosa cells?
LH surge prior to ovulation
low levels of what appears to be CRITICAL for the resumption of meiosis?
cAMP
what are the functions of anit-mullerian hormone?
inhibits growth of primordial follicles to become primary follicles
what happens after the LH surge?
ovualtion occurs and secondary oocyte at M II is released
in the mare, ovulation site is restricted to where on the ovary?
the ovulation fossa
in what female animal do dominant antral follicles develop and undergo ovulation only in the follicular phase?
sow
what cells of the female reopro tract have LH receptors?
thecal cells
what cels of the female repro tract have FSH receptors?
granulosa cells
___ production increases within the follicle in the pre-ovulatory phase and is highest at the time of ____ _____
- estrogen
- LH/FSH surge
low levels of estrogen = _____ feedback on FSH and LH secretion
positive
very high levels of estradiol = ___ feedback on FSH and LH secretion
negative
what is required for ovum maturation?
estrogen
in what species is estradiol actually luteolytic?
cow and sheep
high levels of estrogen (at a certain threshold) causes what>
LH surge
what increases cervical mucus secretion>
estrogen
estrogen increases what receptors in endometrium?
oxytocin receptors
what hormone is synthesized and secreted by the CL?
progesterone
enzymes involved in P4 synthesis
- increase desmolase (cholesterol to prenenolone)
- increase 3B-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (prenenolone to P4)
- decrease 12a-hydroxylase (conversion of P4 to androgen)
which animal produces progesterone BEFORE ovulation?
bitch
small luteal cells have what kind of receptors?
LH receptors
large luteal cells have what kind of receptors?
PGF2a receptors
large luteal cells produce what?
progesterone
what hormone inhibits uterine contraction
P4
what causes development of mammary glands during pregnancy?
P4
what hormone prevents estrus>
P4
progesterone acts primarily on the ______ and _____ FHS/LH secretion
- hypothalamus
- inhibits
does FSH or LH have a longer half-life?
FSH
