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PHYSIO II > GI4 > Flashcards

GI4 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the lubrication components of saliva?

A

water
electrolytes
mucous

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2
Q

what are the bactericidal components of saliva>

A

antibodies
lysozyme
antimicrobial peptides

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3
Q

what are the digestion components of saliva?

A 
amylase (herbi/omnivores)
lingual lipase (juveniles)
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4
Q

what are the cooling components of saliva?

A

saliva spreading

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5
Q

what is the general structure of the salivary gland?

A

compound tubuloacinar gland

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6
Q

what is the tenecity of saliva in nonruminants?

A

hypotonic

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7
Q

what produces the primary secretion of saliva?

A

acinus

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8
Q

what part of the salivary gland has Na and CL reabsorption?

A

ductal

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9
Q

what is the tenecity of ruminant saliva?

A

isotonic

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10
Q

what type of secretion is from the parotid salivary gland?

A

serous

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11
Q

what type of secretion is from the submaxillary gland?

A

mixed serous/mucous

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12
Q

what type of secretion is from the sublingual gland?

A

mucous

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13
Q

salivary serous acinar cells secrete a ___ fluid that contains both ___ and _____

A
  • isotonic
  • Cl-
  • HCO3-
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14
Q

salivary ductal cells reabsorb ___ and __ but not ___; final saliva is ____ relative to plasma.

A
  • Na+
  • Cl-
  • water
  • hypotonic
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15
Q

primary acinar scretions are ____

A

isotonic

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16
Q

Na+ absorption/modulated by what?

A

aldosterone

  • ENaC
  • Na+/H+ exchanger
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17
Q

ruminant saliva is high in ___, ___ and ___

A

-PO2-4, HCO3-, pH

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18
Q

conditions impeding salivation result in what in ruminants?

A

acidosis

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19
Q

what are PS stimulations of the salivary gland

A
  • facial n
  • glossopharyngeal n
  • CHOLINERGIC reveptors
20
Q

what are the sympathetic stimulations of salivary glands?

A

BETA receptors

21
Q

is there endocrine regulation of salivation?

A

no

22
Q

what is the glandular mucosa of the stomach?

A

cardia
corpus
antrum

23
Q

what is the function of the surface epithelial cells of the stomach glands?

A

secrete thick mucous and HCO3-; protective function

24
Q

what is the function of the mucous neck cells of the stomach glands?

A

secrete thing mucous; cells division

25
Q

what is the function of the parietal (oxyntic cell) of the stomach gland?

A

HCl secretion; intrinsic factor secretion (require for B12 absorption)

26
Q

what is the function of the stem cells of the stomach gland?

A

regeneration

27
Q

what is the function of the chief (peptic) cells of the stomach glands?

A

pepsinogen secretion

28
Q

what is the function of the endocrine cells (including enterochromaffin-like cells) of the stomach gland>

A

secrete regulatory substances (eg. somatostatin, gastrin, histamine, serotonin)

29
Q

what are the properties of the glands of the cardia?

A

secrete only mucous
alkaline
protective function

30
Q

what are the properties of the glands of the antrum?

A
  • no parietal cells
  • D cells (somatostatin secretion)
  • G cells (gastrin secretion)
  • chief cells (secrete pepsinogen)
31
Q

parietal cells HCl secretion properties

A
  • isotonic HCl secretion
  • H+ extrusion is achieved actively
  • HCO3- reabsorption; “alkaline tide”
32
Q

___ and ___ enable release of histamine

A
  • gastrin

- ACh

33
Q

gastrin and ACh potentiate histamine release, thereby increasing __ ___ ___ __

A

-parietal cell HCl secretion

34
Q

what is the role of somatostatin?

A

inhibition of histamine-stimulated HCl secretion

35
Q

in the corpus, what two factors regulates somatostatin secretion?

A

neural and endocrine factors

36
Q

in the antrum, what stimulates somatostatin secretion?

A

-low luminal pH and gastrin

37
Q

somatostatin inhibits the release of what?

A

gastrin

38
Q

pepsinogen becomes what?

A

pepsin (active form)

39
Q

what causes more release of pepsinogen?

A

low pH and pepsin (positive feedback)

40
Q

at pH

A

gastrin secretion falls

41
Q

at pH

A

gastrin secretion ceases

42
Q

what is the basal phase of gastric acid secretion?

A

interdigestive (smallest)

43
Q

what is the cephalic phase of gastric acid secretion?

A

anticipatory response

-30%

44
Q

what is the gastric phase of gastric acid secretion?

A

initiated by stomach distention

-50-60%

45
Q

what is the intestinal phase of gastric acid secretion?

A

small but significant

-5-10%

46
Q

what is the primary hormonal stimulus for acinar secretion?

A

CCK

47
Q

what is the primary hormonal stimulus for ductal secretion?

A

secretin

PHYSIO II (33 decks)

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