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Medicine Term One > Therapeutics option > Flashcards

Therapeutics option Flashcards

1
Q

What are prevention methods

A 
diet
stop people from smoking
screening
genetics
medication
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2
Q

What is an example of a screening test

A

cervical cancer smear test

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3
Q

What are more controversial screenings

A

prostate cancer : PSA blood test
lung cancer : MR / CT scanning
breath test

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4
Q

What is given to previous Head and neck, or lung cancer patients to prevent reoccurrence

A

give anti-oxidant supplements

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5
Q

What can treatment either be

A

systemic

local

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6
Q

What is examples of local treatment

A

radiotherapy

surgery

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7
Q

What does surgery anatomically provide

A

anatomical clearance

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8
Q

what does radiotherapy anatomically provide

A

anatomical coverage

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9
Q

What is the benefit of radiotherapy compared to surgery

A

Maintain function or appearance
inoperable lesions - remove when surgery risk is to high
can make surgery become possible

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10
Q

What is the five Rs of radiobiology

A 
radiosensitivity
 repair
 re-population
 re- oxygenation
 re-assortment
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11
Q

Define Radiosensitivity

A

relative susceptibility of cells, tissues, organs or organisms to the harmful effect of ionizing radiation

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12
Q

When are cells most radiosensitive

A

Cells are least sensitive when in the S phase, then the G1 phase, then the G2 phase, and most sensitive in the M phase of the cell cycle

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13
Q

What cells are most sensitive to radiotherapy

A

tumour cells

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14
Q

what is the effect if tumour cells are hypoxic

A

less sensitive to X-rays because most of their effects are mediated by the free radicals produced by ionizing oxygen (tumour doesnt decrease as much)

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15
Q

What do the five Rs of radiobiology provide

A

a means of understanding the success or failure of localised radiotherapy

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16
Q

What factor effects radio sensitivity

A

age eg. over 40 radio sensitivity decreases

17
Q

What can prevents repopulation and repair of tumour

A

Intense treatment with short time frame

18
Q

What can radiotherapy be combined with

A

chemotherapy

19
Q

What role does radiotherapy play in palliate care

A

relive symptoms without curing

of pain, bleeding or swollen limbs

20
Q

what is systemic treatment beneficial for

A

widespread disease

21
Q

What is a negative possible effect of systemic treatment

A

widespread toxicity

22
Q

What is the four different scenarios that chemotherapy is used and why

A

‘curative’ -
palliative
adjuvant
‘neoadjuvant’

23
Q

When is a curative chemotherapy used

A

for complete remission, eliminate all cancer cells

24
Q

When is palliative chemotherapy used

A

for terminal cancer patients to relieve symptoms

25
Q

when is adjuvant chemotherapy used

A

used after all of the known and visible cancer has been removed surgically or with radiation

26
Q

When is neoadjuvant chemotherapy used

A

used before surgery to shrink tumour so its operable

27
Q

What is the two decisions involved in chemotherapy

A

toxicity vs benefit

‘cost’ vs benefit

28
Q

What does it mean if a breast cancer tumour is oestrogen positive

A

its expresses oestrogen receptors

29
Q

What is a hormonal treatment used for breast cancers expressing oestrogen receptors

A

tamoxifen

30
Q

What is a hormonal therapy used for the treatment of prostate cancer and what does it do

A

LHRH antagonist lower testosterone levels

31
Q

Hormonal therapy is used when

A

tumour growth is dependent on hormonal expression e.g. in breast cancer and prostate cancer

32
Q

What are the three immune therapies

A

monoclonal antibodies
programmed cell death pathway
CAR T-cell therapy

33
Q

What does the immune therapy of programmed cell death do

A

use immune system to attack foreign cancer cells

34
Q

What is CAR T cell therapy

A

Artificial t cell receptors which are given a specific cell killing function against cancer cells

35
Q

What is the role of monoclonal antibodies

A

joined to a chemotherapy drug or to a radioactive particle and take substance directly to cancer cell - stop the masking of cancer

Medicine Term One (59 decks)

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