Therapeutics option Flashcards
What are prevention methods
diet stop people from smoking screening genetics medication
What is an example of a screening test
cervical cancer smear test
What are more controversial screenings
prostate cancer : PSA blood test
lung cancer : MR / CT scanning
breath test
What is given to previous Head and neck, or lung cancer patients to prevent reoccurrence
give anti-oxidant supplements
What can treatment either be
systemic
local
What is examples of local treatment
radiotherapy
surgery
What does surgery anatomically provide
anatomical clearance
what does radiotherapy anatomically provide
anatomical coverage
What is the benefit of radiotherapy compared to surgery
Maintain function or appearance
inoperable lesions - remove when surgery risk is to high
can make surgery become possible
What is the five Rs of radiobiology
radiosensitivity repair re-population re- oxygenation re-assortment
Define Radiosensitivity
relative susceptibility of cells, tissues, organs or organisms to the harmful effect of ionizing radiation
When are cells most radiosensitive
Cells are least sensitive when in the S phase, then the G1 phase, then the G2 phase, and most sensitive in the M phase of the cell cycle
What cells are most sensitive to radiotherapy
tumour cells
what is the effect if tumour cells are hypoxic
less sensitive to X-rays because most of their effects are mediated by the free radicals produced by ionizing oxygen (tumour doesnt decrease as much)
What do the five Rs of radiobiology provide
a means of understanding the success or failure of localised radiotherapy
What factor effects radio sensitivity
age eg. over 40 radio sensitivity decreases
What can prevents repopulation and repair of tumour
Intense treatment with short time frame
What can radiotherapy be combined with
chemotherapy
What role does radiotherapy play in palliate care
relive symptoms without curing
of pain, bleeding or swollen limbs
what is systemic treatment beneficial for
widespread disease
What is a negative possible effect of systemic treatment
widespread toxicity
What is the four different scenarios that chemotherapy is used and why
‘curative’ -
palliative
adjuvant
‘neoadjuvant’
When is a curative chemotherapy used
for complete remission, eliminate all cancer cells
When is palliative chemotherapy used
for terminal cancer patients to relieve symptoms
