THERAPEUTICS - metronidazole Flashcards
what type of drug is metronidazole?
synthetic nitroimidazole
what pathogens does metronidazole target?
obligate anaerobes
gram -ve pathogens
bacteriodes
clostridium (c.diff)
fusobacterium spp
prevotella
peptostreptococcus
what is the half life of metronidazole?
8 hours
where is metronidazole metabolised?
liver
where is metronidazole eliminated?
kidney
what are contraindications for metronidazole?
severe hepatic dysfunction - metabolism reduced
avoid in 1st trimester pregnancy
nursing mothers
what are the indications for metronidazole?
suspected anaerobes
ANUG
pericoronitis (with systemic involvement)
dental abscess
beta-lactamase producing anaerobes
penicillin allergy
what does metronidazole interact with?
alcohol
CYP450
phenytoin
cimetidine
lithium
warfarin
what are the main adverse effects of metronidazole?
GI
nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhoea, epigastric distress, abdominal cramping
constipation
convulsive seizures
dizziness
what are the oral adverse effects of metronidazole?
unpleasant taste
sharp/ metallic
taste disturbance
furred tongue
glossitis
stomatitis
candida
what are adverse effects of metronidazole on blood?
blood dyscrasias
temporary neutropenia
thrombocytopenia
what are risks of mixing metronidazole and alcohol?
vasodilation
flushing
increased HR
increased resp rate
low BP
dry mouth or throat
bronchoconstriction
nausea
headache
what is the dosage for metronidazole?
200-400mg
8-12 hourly
3-5 days
