OS - benign mucosal lesions

Question 1

what is the surgical sieve?

Answer 1

congenital
traumatic
autoimmune
metabolic
infective
inflammatory
idiopathic

Question 2

what are types of congenital benign mucosal lesions? and what do they look like?

Answer 2

leukoedema - white/grey discolouration of mucosa
fordyce spots - ectopic sebaceous glands

Question 3

where do you commonly find leukoedema?

Answer 3

buccal mucosa - an area that would not tend to be traumatised by teeth

Question 4

where do you commonly find fordyce spots?

Answer 4

buccal mucosa or lips

Question 5

list types of traumatic benign mucosal lesions?

Answer 5

erosions/ ulcers
frictional keratosis
polyps
denture induced hyperplasia
amalgam tattoos
mucocoeles

Question 6

what can cause traumatic ulcers?

Answer 6

dentures
restorations
direct trauma

Question 7

how are traumatic ulcers treated?

Answer 7

irradicate the source
should resolve within 14 days

Question 8

how common are aphthous ulcers?

Answer 8

20% population

Question 9

what are the causes of aphthous ulcers?

Answer 9

genetic
trauma
food stuffs
haematinic def - ferritin, folate, B12
hormonal

Question 10

what types of trauma can cause ulceration?

Answer 10

mechanical - adjacent restorations
thermal - hot food

Question 11

when would you see a keratotic margin around an ulcer?

Answer 11

chronic trauma which is low grade i.e., frictional keratosis

Question 12

what are clusters of aphthous ulcers called?

Answer 12

herpetiform aphthous ulcers

Question 13

what is the name for cheek biting?

Answer 13

morsicatio buccarum

Question 14

where do you find linea alba? and what does it look like?

Answer 14

white line at level of occlusal plane on buccal mucosa
bilateral

Question 15

what are polyps?

Answer 15

benign growths form in the mucosa
they can be:
- pedunculated (small stop)
- sessile (broad based)
normal mucosa overlying with fibrous centre

Question 16

when would you excise a polyp?

Answer 16

if they get too big that the pt cannot help biting

Question 17

what is an amalgam tattoo and where would you find them?

Answer 17

metal inclusions in the mucosa from an amalgam being removed or replaced

Question 18

why must you biopsy an amalgam tattoo?

Answer 18

looks similar to mucosal melanoma

Question 19

why would someone get denture induced hyperplasia?

Answer 19

ill fitting dentures worn 24/7

Question 20

what does denture induced hyperplasia look like?

Answer 20

polyps that grow around flange of denture

Question 21

treatment for denture induced hyperplasia?

Answer 21

excision and new dentures

Question 22

what can denture induced hyperplasia superimpose?

Answer 22

candida infection

Question 23

what is a mucocele?

Answer 23

minor salivary gland cyst (mucous extravasation cyst)

Question 24

what causes a mucocele?

Answer 24

saliva escapes from the damaged duct into the surrounding lip and causes a swelling
commonly due to trauma to lower lip

Question 25

treatment for mucocele?

Answer 25

excision of the mucocele and salivary gland

Question 26

what are the types of fungal benign mucosal lesions?

Answer 26

acute pseudomebranous candidiasis candidal leukoplakia

Question 27

what are the types of viral benign mucosal lesions?

Answer 27

human papilloma virus herpes virus

Question 28

how does candidiasis present?

Answer 28

white plaques that wipe free leaving a red base

Question 29

how do you treat candidiasis?

Answer 29

systemic antifungals topicals but not as good

Question 30

what does candidal leukoplakia present as?

Answer 30

white/ red lesion does not wipe free

Question 31

how do you treat candidal leukoplakia?

Answer 31

systemic antifungals and biopsy

Question 32

how do papillomas present?

Answer 32

sessile or pedunculated finger like

Question 33

what is treatment of papillomas?

Answer 33

if become too big or traumatised excision including the base of the lesion

Question 34

what is secondary herpes caused by?

Answer 34

reactivation of latent virus in the trigeminal system by UV light, stress, hormones, immunocompromise

Question 35

symptoms of secondary herpes?

Answer 35

tingling sensation before vesicles develop on the lip

Question 36

treatment of secondary herpes?

Answer 36

cold sore treated with topical antivirals

Question 37

types of inflammatory benign lesions?

Answer 37

geographic tongue lichenoid reaction epulis

Question 38

how common is geographic tongue?

Answer 38

2-3% population

Question 39

cause of geographic tongue?

Answer 39

family history psoriasis fissured tongue vit B problems

Question 40

what is another term for geographic tongue?

Answer 40

benign migratory glossitis

Question 41

how is symptomatic geographic tongue treated?

Answer 41

LA or steroid mouthwash

Question 42

what is a lichenoid lesion? and what causes it?

Answer 42

reaction to metal (contact lesions) or medication: - antihypertensives - hypoglycaemics - NSAIDs

Question 43

how do you treat lichenoid lesions?

Answer 43

biopsy to establish diagnosis

Question 44

what is an epulis?

Answer 44

growth on the gum

Question 45

what are the types of epuli?

Answer 45

fibrous epulis pyogenic granuloma

Question 46

what is a fibrous epulis and what is it associated to?

Answer 46

associated with the gingival margin of teeth caused by chronic irritation by overhanging enamel or restorations normal overlying mucosa and fibrous centre

Question 47

treatment of fibrous epulis?

Answer 47

excision

Question 48

what is a pyogenic granuloma and what is it associated with?

Answer 48

associated with gingival margin of teeth very vascular associated with pregnancy

Question 49

treatment of pyogenic granuloma?

Answer 49

excision

Question 50

what metabolic disease can affect pigmentation of mucosa in the mouth and why?

Answer 50

addisons disease primary adrenal insufficiency deficiency of cortisol and aldosterone

Question 51

what is a melanotic macule? and what does it look like?

Answer 51

round or oval brown or black pigmented area on the lip or any mucosal surface

Question 52

aetiology of melanotic macule?

Answer 52

trauma or idiopathic 50+ years old

Question 53

melanotic macule treatment?

Answer 53

biopsy for diagnosis excision for aesthetics

Question 54

what are types of autoimmune benign mucosal lesions?

Answer 54

lichen planus vesiculobullous conditions

Question 55

how does lichen planus present?

Answer 55

lacy white pattern

Question 56

what are types of vesiculobullous conditions?

Answer 56

pemphigus pemphagoid

Question 57

give an example of an idiopathic lesion of unknown aetiology?

Answer 57

lipoma

Question 58

what are lipomas?

Answer 58

benign mesenchymal neoplasms of unknown cause, made up of fat cells surrounded by a thin fibrous capsule

Question 59

treatment of lipoma?

Answer 59

excision