Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MODULE 6 > OS - maxillary sinuses > Flashcards

OS - maxillary sinuses Flashcards

1
Q

what roots of what teeth are most commonly found in maxillary sinuses?

A

palatal roots of maxillary molars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are maxillary sinus peri-operative complications?

A

endodontic materials or instruments intruded in to the sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

why may pts think sinus pathology is toothache?

A

the trigeminal nerve (maxillary division) innervates the teeth and sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what can sinus pathology present as inside the mouth?

A

cancer
erosion of the bone in the mouth
a cyst in the antrum can displace teeth and cause communication in to oral cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the paranasal sinuses lined by and what does this produce?

A

ciliated epithelium (respiratory epithelium) - produces mucous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the paranasal sinuses?

A

air-containing sacs lined by ciliated epithelium communicating with the nasal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the 4 paranasal sinuses?

A

bilateral frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the cause of pan sinusitis?

A

infection in one sinus that is in close proximity to the draining ostium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the said physiological functions of the paranasal sinuses?

A

humidification of air
filtering air
production of voice
lightening the weight of the head
crumple zone (protects force on the face to brain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what do the ethmoid sinuses look like radiographically?

A

small air cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

where does the sphenoid sinus lie?

A

under sella turcica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

are the frontal sinuses symmetrical?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

why do sinuses present as black on a CT scan?

A

air filled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how are secretions drained from the maxillary sinus?

A

against gravity - ciliated epithelium beat in a spiraling pattern to ostium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the maxillary sinus also known as?

A

the antrum of highmore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what shape is the maxillary sinus and how much volume does it hold?

A

pyramidal shape, volume of 15-30mls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

when does the maxillary sinus start to develop?

A

3 months IUL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what size is the maxillary sinus by the age of 9?

A

60% of its max size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

when does maxillary sinus become its full size?

A

18 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what issues arises with the continuous growth of the maxillary sinus throughout life?

A

more likely to cause OAC and fracture tuberosities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what anatomical features are related to the maxillary sinus?

A

orbit
infra-orbital nerve
nasolacrimal duct
posterior teeth
lateral wall of the nose
pterygopalatine fossa
maxillary artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is Schneiderian membrane?

A

respiratory epithelium that lines the sulcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

where do all paranasal sinuses drain through?

A

lateral wall of the nasal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

where does the maxillary sinus drain to?

A

middle meatus through a 2.4mm diameter ostium (2/3rds up the medial wall of the sinus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

where does the frontal sinus drain to, what innervates it, and what supplies its blood?

A

drains to: middle meatus
innervated by: supraorbital nerve
blood supply: anterior ethmoidal arteries

26
Q

where does the sphenoid sinus drain to, what innervates it, and what supplies its blood?

A

drains to: sphenoethmoidal recess
innervated by: posterior ethmoidal nerve
blood supply: pharyngeal branch of maxillary artery

27
Q

where does the ethmoidal air cells (ant, post, middle) drain to, what innervates it, and what supplies its blood?

A

anterior - drains to middle meatus
middle - drains to lateral wall of middle meatus
posterior - drains to lateral wall of superior meatus
innervated by: maxillary nerves
blood supply: maxillary artery

28
Q

what can infection in the frontal sinuses co-infect?

A

maxillary and ethmoidal sinuses (pan sinusitis)

29
Q

what is the physiological role of the maxillary sinus thought to be?

A

immunological defense

30
Q

how can you investigate the maxillary sinus?

A

CT/MRI
endoscopy - more commonly used for antral pathology
antral tap (in the past) - small hole for drainage
transillumination - if illuminates = healthy

31
Q

what sinuses can be investigated through transillumination?

A

frontal and maxillary

32
Q

why is the maxillary sinus of significance to dentistry?

A

roots of the upper molars/ premolars closely related to the antrum and share common innervation
dental procedures complicated by problems involving the antrum - OAC, roots in antrum, fracture tuberosity, extruded root canal materials

33
Q

what is antral lining prolapse?

A

lining of the antrum stays intact but prolapses down

34
Q

what is common pathology associated with the maxillary sinuses?

A

infective sinusitis-bacterial, viral, fungal, 10% dental origin, OAF
fractures
tumours/cysts

35
Q

what causes non-infective sinusitis?

A

allergic, vasomotor, septal deviation, foreign body

36
Q

what causes acute infective sinusitis?

A

bacterial infection which follows viral infection
caused by strep. pneumoniae, H. influenzae (resp bacteria)

37
Q

how do you diagnose acute infective sinusitis?

A

clinical grounds only

38
Q

what history will a pt present with with acute infective sinusitis?

A

pain
tenderness across area worsens on bending over
no swelling
posterior teeth TTP
post nasal drip
mucopurulent discharge

poor response to nasal decongestants

39
Q

how do you manage acute sinusitis in fit and healthy pts?

A

menthol inhalation

40
Q

how do you manage acute infective sinusitis in pts with prolonged severe infection/ underlying immunocompromisation?

A

amoxicillin 500mg TDS for 7 days OR doxycycline 100mg (200mg first day) for 7 days.

41
Q

how does inhalation manage sinusitis?

A

shrinks linings and opens ostium, allowing contents to discharge through ostium in to lateral wall of nose, nasopharynx then oropharynx

42
Q

how does sinusitis become self limiting?

A

mucopurulent out of mucous

43
Q

why is amoxicillin not prescribed for sinusitis anymore?

A

due to its widespread use during covid

44
Q

what can mechanically obstruct sinuses causing sinusitis?

A

oedema of nasal mucosa
polyps
septal deviation

45
Q

what can result in impaired mucus clearance?

A

poor ciliary action
abnormally thick or sticky mucous (cystic fibrosis)

46
Q

how does chronic sinusitis present?

A

ongoing low-grade symptoms

47
Q

management of chronic sinusitis?

A

antral lavage
intranasal antrostomy
metronidazole with amoxycillin/ erythromycin

48
Q

what is an oral antral fistula?

A

persistent epithelial lined tract (must be excised)

49
Q

what does chronic sinusitis suggest in the absence of OAF?

A

immunocompromise

50
Q

what is an antral mucocoele?

A

intra antral pathology - cyst formed in antral lining of schneiderian membrane

51
Q

what can an antral mucocoele lead to?

A

chronic sinusitis if it gets too big that it obstructs

52
Q

what are 3 complications of sinusitis?

A

brain abscesses
orbital cellulitis
cavernous sinus thrombosis

53
Q

what are the causes of OAC?

A

extraction of posterior teeth
tuberosity fracture
middle third fracture
malignancy/ pathology

54
Q

what are symptoms of an OAC?

A

passage of fluid down nose
passage of air into mouth
alteration of voice
unilateral epistaxis or nasal obstruction

55
Q

what can an untreated fistula cause?

A

persistent sinusitis
unilateral nasal discharge
intra-oral antral polyp
cacogeusia and facial pain

56
Q

OAC management?

A

ideally close immediately - buccal advancement flap
plate or modified denture
antibiotics, ephedrine drops, mucolytic inhalations
avoid nose blowing

57
Q

what size of OAC can close spontaneously?

A

less than 5mm

58
Q

where does maxillary sinus drain?

A

middle meatus through an ostium 2/3rds up the medial wall of sinus

59
Q

what innervates the maxillary sinus?

A

second branch of trigeminal - maxillary nerve

60
Q
A

MODULE 6 (69 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions