Theories & Principles of Learning

Question 1

Figures of Classical Conditioning

Answer 1

Pavlov & Watson

Question 2

Differences between Trace Conditioning & Delay Conditioning & what’s more effective?

Answer 2

Trace = CS finishes before the US starts
Delay = CS & US overlap
- Delay conditioning is more effective

Question 3

What’s more effective, trace or delay conditioning?

Answer 3

Delay (standard pairing) where there’s an overlap

Question 4

What 2 conditioning methods do not result/are not successful in conditioning

Answer 4

Simultaneous & backwards conditioning

Question 5

Differences between stimulus generalization & higher-order conditioning with how it’s learned & what the new neutral stimulus is

Answer 5

Stimulus generalization = automatic/unlearned & new neutral stimulus is similar
Higher order = deliberate/learned & new neutral stimulus is different

Question 6

Figures of Operant Conditioning

Answer 6

Thorndike & Skinner

Question 7

With types of schedules of reinforcement rate list them from highest to lowest in terms of rates of responding during acquisition

Answer 7

1. Variable Ratio
2. Fixed Ratio
3. Variable Interval
4. Fixed Interval

Question 8

Highest to lowest resistance to extinction

Answer 8

1. Variable Ratio
2. Fixed Ratio
3. Variable Interval
4. Fixed Interval

Question 9

What’s Satiation vs Habituation & which one is from operant conditioning and which one is from classical conditioning

Answer 9

Satiation (Operant C) - the reinforcer loses value
Habituation (Classical C) - becoming used to & less responsive to unconditioned stimulus (US)

Question 10

Which response rates are smooth/steady vs scalloped when graphed out

Answer 10

Variable: smooth/steady response rates
Fixed: scalloped response rates

Question 11

Classical vs Operant Extinction

Answer 11

Classical: presenting CS without US
Operant: stop reinforcing the target behaviour

Question 12

What’s discrimination learning

Answer 12

When target behaviours are only reinforced in certain environments

Question 13

Figure of social cognitive theory or social learning theory

Answer 13

Bandura

Question 14

Positive Reinforcement
1. Key Word
2. After target behaviour, is something added or removed?
3. Is the goal to increase or decrease TB

Answer 14

1. Reward
2. something’s added after TB
3. to increase TB

Question 15

Negative Reinforcement
1. Key Word
2. After target behaviour, is something added or removed?
3. Is the goal to increase or decrease TB

Answer 15

1. Relief
2. something’s removed
3. to increase TB

Question 16

Positive Punishment
1. Key Word
2. After target behaviour, is something aversive/valuable added or removed?
3. Is the goal to increase or decrease TB

Answer 16

1. Pain
2. something aversive is added
3. to decrease TB

Question 17

Negative Punishment
1. Key Word
2. After target behaviour, is something aversive/valuable added or removed?
3. Is the goal to increase or decrease TB

Answer 17

1. Loss
2. something valuable is removed
3. so TB decreases