Psychosocial Development Flashcards
Freud vs Erikson Stage in 1st year of life
- Erikson’s strength
Freud: Oral
Erikson: Trust vs Mistrust
- strength: hope
Freud vs Erikson Stage from 1-3 years old - Erikson’s strength
Freud: Anal
Erikson: autonomy vs shame/doubt
- strength: Will
Freud vs Erikson Stage from 3-5/6 years old
- Erikson’s strength
Freud: Phallic
Erikson: Initiative vs Guilt
- strength: Purpose
Freud vs Erikson Stage from 5/6-12 years old
- Erikson’s strength
Freud: Latency
Erikson: industry vs inferiority
- strength: Competence
Freud vs Erikson Stage from 12-18 years old
- Erikson’s strength
Freud: Genital
Erikson: Identity vs role confusion
- strength: Fidelity
Erikson Stage from 18-35 years old
- strength
Intimacy vs Isolation
- Love
Erikson Stage from 35-60 years old
- strength
Generativity vs stagnation
- Care
Erikson Stage from 60 & older
- strength
Integrity vs despair
- Wisdom
Mahler’s six stages of development
1. Normal Infantile Autism (1st month)
Infant is unaware of the external world
Mahler’s six stages of development
2. Symbiosis
the baby feels one with their mother rather than two separate beings
Mahler’s six stages of development
3. Differentiation (5-10 months)
- what type of anxiety usually happens in this stage?
Distinguishes themselves from other objects
- stranger anxiety
Mahler’s six stages of development
4. Practicing (10-16 months)
- what anxiety usually happens in this stage?
Discovers the ability to separate themselves from their mother
- separation anxiety
Mahler’s six stages of development
5. Rapprochement (16-24 months)
increased need for the mother to share the child’s new skills/experiences and a great need for love
Mahler’s six stages of development
6. Object Constancy (2-3 years)
Ability to maintain the image of the mother when she’s not present
Levinson’s periods of transition & stability: What’s the “Mid-Life Transition” (40-45 y.o)?
The switch from the perspective of “time since birth” to “time left to live”, and it usually involves some sort of crisis leading to significant changes like divorce or career change
What’s Konrad Lorenz’s famous term related to his research on attachment
Imprinting - when a stimulus elicits innate behaviour patterns at a critical period of time in the animal’s development (e.g., ducklings imprinting on whoever is with them between 12-17 hours after birth)
What concept is related to Harlow’s findings with monkeys and attachment?
Contact Comfort - the importance of pleasurable tactile sensations as a contributor to attachment behaviour
- He found monkeys would turn to the terry cloth mother’s for security when scared even though the wire mother fed them
What’s Bowlby’s 3-step process that occurs in children when they are separated from their mothers?
- Protest - Crying & searching
- Despair - Feeling hopeless that mother will return
- Detachment - Emotionally separates the self from the mother & responds in an indifferent manner when the mother returns
Rene Spitz’s term “Anaclytic Depression”
described as weepiness, withdrawal, insomnia, decline of health and affect when babies are deprived of their mother’s attention between 6-8 months in age
What four levels of attachment by Ainsworth & how do they relate to types of caregiving?
- Secure attachment: sensitive & responsive caregiving
- Avoidant attachment: this results from a mother who’s distant or overly intrusive
- Ambivalent or resistant attachment: found with inconsistent/insensitive caregivers
- Disorganized disoriented attachment: has no clear strategy when their mother leaves, has least secure attachment commonly associated with a child who’s abused or unresolved abuse issues of the caregiver
Baumrind’s major patterns of parenting:
- authoritarian parents
- permissive parents
- permissive indifferent
- permissive indulgent - authoritative parents
What are authoritarian parents and how to children respond?
Parents are demanding, controlling, threatening & punishing
Children are moody, irritable, withdrawn, distrustful & aggressive (tend to have more behaviour disorders)
What are permissive-indifferent parents, and how do children respond?
Parents are either setting few limits & are generally uninvolved
Children have poor self-control, are demanding, minimally compliant & have poor interpersonal skills
What are permissive-indulgent parents, and how do children respond?
Parents are loving & emotionally involved but set few limits or controls
Children are impulsive, immature & out of control
