DSM5-TR #1

Question 1

Is the level of severity of an intellectual development disorder based on IQ or adaptive functioning?

Answer 1

Adaptive functioning

Question 2

What’s social pragmatic communication disorder?

Answer 2

the child can speak fine but they have difficulties in the social use of verbal and non-verbal communication/cues

Question 3

What are the 2 essential features of autism spectrum disorder?

Answer 3

1. deficits in social communication & interaction
2. restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour

Question 4

What age do symptoms have to be present to be diagnosed with ADHD and how long do symptoms need to be present/persistent?

Answer 4

before 12 years of age
need to be persistent for 6 months

Question 5

A patient is diagnosed with Tourette’s disorder, they have a 50% chance of also being diagnosed with what other disorders?

Answer 5

ADHD & OCD

Question 6

In Schizophrenia spectrum disorder, are delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking & abnormal motor behaviours (e.g., catatonia) negative or positive symptoms?

Answer 6

Positive symptoms

Question 7

What’s catatonia?

Answer 7

a marked decrease in reactivity to the environment like resistance to instructions (aka negativism), odd posture or repeated movements

Question 8

What are negative symptoms in a Schizophrenia spectrum disorder

Answer 8

Reduction of normal functioning: diminished facial expressions, avolition (decrease in self-initiated activities), anhedonia (diminished pleasure) and asociality (lack of interest in socializing)

Question 9

A manic episode in bipolar disorder includes what 2 key features?

Answer 9

1. elevated mood
2. increased goal-directed activity/energy
   - lasting at least 1 week & present most of the day, every day

Question 10

What’s disruptive mood dysregulation disorder?

Answer 10

recurrent verbal or physical temper outbursts three or more times per week for over a year - diagnosed after age 6/before age 18

Question 11

What disorder is measured in the adaptive functioning of the following domains:
1. conceptual/academic
2. social
3. practical

Answer 11

Intellectual developmental disorder (intellectual disability)

Question 12

What disorder uses the Vineland Adaptive Behavioural Scales as standardized testing?

Answer 12

Intellectual developmental disorder (intellectual disability)

Question 13

A childhood-onset fluency disorder is also known as:

Answer 13

Stuttering

Question 14

What disorder is marked by substantially low test scores, at least 1.5 standard deviations below the population mean for age?

Answer 14

Specific learning disorder

Question 15

What’s dyscalculia & dyslexia (specific learning disorder)

Answer 15

Dyscalculia: problems in mathematical functioning
Dyslexia: problems in reading/writing

Question 16

What’s stereotypic movement disorder?

Answer 16

Motor behaviour that is repetitive and non-functional that interferes with normal activities or results in self-inflicted bodily injury

Question 17

How many motor and vocal tics does someone need to have a Tourette’s disorder?

Answer 17

multiple motor tics (M&Ms) & one or more vocal tics

Question 18

Persistent (chronic) motor or vocal tic disorder involves what with motor/vocal tics & how long does it have to be present

Answer 18

either one or more motor tics OR one of more vocal tics BUT NOT BOTH - needs to be present for more than a year

Question 19

What’s the tic disorder called if it’s motor and/or vocal tics that have been present less than 1 year since onset

Answer 19

Provisional tic disorder

Question 20

Does this define a delusion or hallucination?
Fixed false beliefs (bizarre or non-bizarre) that are unchangeable

Answer 20

Delusion

Question 21

Does this define a delusion or hallucination?
Vivid clear perceptions that occur without external stimulus

Answer 21

Hallucination

Question 22

What’s the most common type of hallucination?

Answer 22

Auditory hallucinations

Question 23

What’s tangentiality and what feature is it connected to with schizophrenia?

Answer 23

it’s providing answers that diverge from the questions asked
it’s connected to disorganized thinking

Question 24

What’s anhedonia?
(negative symptom within schizophrenia)

Answer 24

diminished pleasure

Question 25

Whar disorder only had delusions for at least 1 month & they are relatively unimpaired?

Answer 25

Delusional disorder

Question 26

What's it called when one or more of the following: delusion, hallucination, disorganized speech, or catatonic behaviour; lasts from 1 day to 1 month & then they return to premorbid levels of functioning?

Answer 26

Brief psychotic disorder can be specified as marked stressor, without marked stressor or with post-partum onset

Question 27

Symptoms of schizophreniform disorder & schizophrenia are identical, but what distinguishes them?

Answer 27

Their duration Schizophreniform lasts at least one month but LESS than 6 months

Question 28

What's the ratio (out of 3) of people who recover from schizophreniform within 6 months vs the remaining who get diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder?

Answer 28

1/3 recover 2/3 are eventually diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder

Question 29

What's the disorder called where there was an interrupted period of illness during which there was a major mood episode concurrent with schizophrenia - had to have delusions or hallucinations for at least 2 weeks

Answer 29

Schizoaffective disorder

Question 30

What's the usual onset of schizophrenia in males vs females?

Answer 30

males: early to mid 20s females: late 20s

Question 31

With schizophrenia, a later onset, being female, good prior functioning, fewer negative symptoms, and minimal cognitive impairment are associated with what?

Answer 31

With a better prognosis

Question 32

What measures enlarged lateral & third ventricles, a smaller cerebral cortex, and a smaller thalamus in people with schizophrenia?

Answer 32

MRI - magnetic resonance imaging

Question 33

What measures decreased frontal lobe activity in people with schizophrenia?

Answer 33

PET scans (positron emission tomography)

Question 34

What predicts relapse in people with schizophrenia in connection to their family members?

Answer 34

expressed emotions from family members (criticism, hostility and emotional over-involvement)

Question 35

How long does a manic, hypomanic & major depressive episode need to last in bipolar/related disorders?

Answer 35

Manic: at least 1 week period Hypomanic: 4 days Major depressive episode: during a 2-week period

Question 36

What's the essential feature of bipolar I disorder?

Answer 36

the occurrence of at least one manic episode

Question 37

What disorder is more common in high-income countries and has the highest heritability rate of all major mental disorders?

Answer 37

Bipolar disorder

Question 38

The risk of suicide in individuals with bipolar disorder is ___ to ____ times that of the general population

Answer 38

20 to 30 times

Question 39

To be diagnosed with bipolar II, you need to have at least one _________ episode and at least one __________ episode - never with a manic episode

Answer 39

at least one major depressive episode and at least one hypomanic episode

Question 40

Is bipolar disorder II more common in women or men?

Answer 40

Women

Question 41

What's the disorder that has numerous periods of the presence of hypomanic and depressive symptoms over at least 2 years

Answer 41

Cyclothymic disorder

Question 42

What's the diagnosis of someone that had the presence of a major depressive episode during a 2-week period that represents a change from previous functioning

Answer 42

Major depressive disorder

Question 43

If someone has feelings of emptiness and loss, and it happens in waves rather than persistently, how can it be different than a major depressive disorder?

Answer 43

It could be grief

Question 44

A major depressive episode usually peaks at what age?

Answer 44

in your 20's

Question 45

Suicide rate for males is ____ to _____ times higher than that of females, even though females attempt suicide _____ times as often

Answer 45

for males is 3-4 times higher females attempt suicide 3 times as often

Question 46

1. What's the single best predictor of death by suicide? 2. Expressions of _______ is a stronger predictor than the presence & severity of depression

Answer 46

1. a history of suicide attempts 2. expressions of hopelessness

Question 47

As an adult, if you were diagnosed with major depressive disorder, but then it lasted for more days than not for 2 years, you'd be diagnosed with what?

Answer 47

Persistent Depressive Disorder

Question 48

With premenstrual dysphoric disorder, the onset of symptoms happens when, and when do symptoms improve?

Answer 48

Onset is a week before a woman's period, and it improves a few days after the onset of her period

Question 49

With separation anxiety disorder, how long do symptoms need to be present for children vs adults?

Answer 49

children: at least 4 weeks adults: 6 months or more

Question 50

What type of therapy yields the strongest/best results for specific phobias?

Answer 50

In-vivo exposure

Question 51

What would you use for clients who can't tolerate or are unwilling to try in-vivo exposures but will take more time and are less successful than exposure therapy at decreasing avoidance?

Answer 51

Systematic desensitization

Question 52

The fear, anxiety or avoidance is persistent and typically lasting how long with social anxiety disorder?

Answer 52

6 months or more

Question 53

What's the best therapy for social anxiety disorder?

Answer 53

Cognitive behavioural therapy

Question 54

What disorder is characterized by unexpected panic attacks that at least one of the attacks is followed by 1 month or more of concerns of having additional panic attacks and significant change in behaviour related to the attacks

Answer 54

Panic Disorder

Question 55

What disorder is fear/anxiety about using public transportation, being in open or closed spaces, standing in line, being in a crowd or being outside their home & they are avoided due to fears of escape being difficult or they'll have embarrassing symptoms without access to any help

Answer 55

Agoraphobia

Question 56

What anxiety disorder has the latest onset at around 30 years of age?

Answer 56

Generalized anxiety disorder

Question 57

What's trichotillomania

Answer 57

recurrent pulling out of one's own hair, with repeated attempts to decrease or stop hair-pulling

Question 58

What's excoriation disorder?

Answer 58

a skin-picking disorder with repeated attempts to decrease or stop picking

Question 59

Obsessions are described as recurrent _____ , _____ or ______ that are experienced as intrusive and cause distress or anxiety

Answer 59

thoughts, urges or images

Question 60

What is it called when someone has repetitive behaviours or mental acts that the person feels driven to perform to cope with an obsession or to comply with rigid rules?

Answer 60

Compulsion

Question 61

Treatment for body dysmorphic disorder includes _____ and _______

Answer 61

cognitive behavioural behaviour & medication (SSRIs)

Question 62

What medication & substance can induce obsessive-compulsive and related disorders?

Answer 62

amphetamines (other stimulants) and cocaine