DSM5-TR #1 Flashcards
Is the level of severity of an intellectual development disorder based on IQ or adaptive functioning?
Adaptive functioning
What’s social pragmatic communication disorder?
the child can speak fine but they have difficulties in the social use of verbal and non-verbal communication/cues
What are the 2 essential features of autism spectrum disorder?
- deficits in social communication & interaction
- restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour
What age do symptoms have to be present to be diagnosed with ADHD and how long do symptoms need to be present/persistent?
before 12 years of age
need to be persistent for 6 months
A patient is diagnosed with Tourette’s disorder, they have a 50% chance of also being diagnosed with what other disorders?
ADHD & OCD
In Schizophrenia spectrum disorder, are delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking & abnormal motor behaviours (e.g., catatonia) negative or positive symptoms?
Positive symptoms
What’s catatonia?
a marked decrease in reactivity to the environment like resistance to instructions (aka negativism), odd posture or repeated movements
What are negative symptoms in a Schizophrenia spectrum disorder
Reduction of normal functioning: diminished facial expressions, avolition (decrease in self-initiated activities), anhedonia (diminished pleasure) and asociality (lack of interest in socializing)
A manic episode in bipolar disorder includes what 2 key features?
- elevated mood
- increased goal-directed activity/energy
- lasting at least 1 week & present most of the day, every day
What’s disruptive mood dysregulation disorder?
recurrent verbal or physical temper outbursts three or more times per week for over a year - diagnosed after age 6/before age 18
What disorder is measured in the adaptive functioning of the following domains:
1. conceptual/academic
2. social
3. practical
Intellectual developmental disorder (intellectual disability)
What disorder uses the Vineland Adaptive Behavioural Scales as standardized testing?
Intellectual developmental disorder (intellectual disability)
A childhood-onset fluency disorder is also known as:
Stuttering
What disorder is marked by substantially low test scores, at least 1.5 standard deviations below the population mean for age?
Specific learning disorder
What’s dyscalculia & dyslexia (specific learning disorder)
Dyscalculia: problems in mathematical functioning
Dyslexia: problems in reading/writing
What’s stereotypic movement disorder?
Motor behaviour that is repetitive and non-functional that interferes with normal activities or results in self-inflicted bodily injury
How many motor and vocal tics does someone need to have a Tourette’s disorder?
multiple motor tics (M&Ms) & one or more vocal tics
Persistent (chronic) motor or vocal tic disorder involves what with motor/vocal tics & how long does it have to be present
either one or more motor tics OR one of more vocal tics BUT NOT BOTH - needs to be present for more than a year
What’s the tic disorder called if it’s motor and/or vocal tics that have been present less than 1 year since onset
Provisional tic disorder
Does this define a delusion or hallucination?
Fixed false beliefs (bizarre or non-bizarre) that are unchangeable
Delusion
Does this define a delusion or hallucination?
Vivid clear perceptions that occur without external stimulus
Hallucination
What’s the most common type of hallucination?
Auditory hallucinations
What’s tangentiality and what feature is it connected to with schizophrenia?
it’s providing answers that diverge from the questions asked
it’s connected to disorganized thinking
What’s anhedonia?
(negative symptom within schizophrenia)
diminished pleasure
Whar disorder only had delusions for at least 1 month & they are relatively unimpaired?
Delusional disorder
What’s it called when one or more of the following: delusion, hallucination, disorganized speech, or catatonic behaviour; lasts from 1 day to 1 month & then they return to premorbid levels of functioning?
Brief psychotic disorder
can be specified as marked stressor, without marked stressor or with post-partum onset
Symptoms of schizophreniform disorder & schizophrenia are identical, but what distinguishes them?
Their duration
Schizophreniform lasts at least one month but LESS than 6 months
What’s the ratio (out of 3) of people who recover from schizophreniform within 6 months vs the remaining who get diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder?
1/3 recover
2/3 are eventually diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder
What’s the disorder called where there was an interrupted period of illness during which there was a major mood episode concurrent with schizophrenia - had to have delusions or hallucinations for at least 2 weeks
Schizoaffective disorder
What’s the usual onset of schizophrenia in males vs females?
males: early to mid 20s
females: late 20s
With schizophrenia, a later onset, being female, good prior functioning, fewer negative symptoms, and minimal cognitive impairment are associated with what?
With a better prognosis
What measures enlarged lateral & third ventricles, a smaller cerebral cortex, and a smaller thalamus in people with schizophrenia?
MRI - magnetic resonance imaging
What measures decreased frontal lobe activity in people with schizophrenia?
PET scans (positron emission tomography)
What predicts relapse in people with schizophrenia in connection to their family members?
expressed emotions from family members (criticism, hostility and emotional over-involvement)
How long does a manic, hypomanic & major depressive episode need to last in bipolar/related disorders?
Manic: at least 1 week period
Hypomanic: 4 days
Major depressive episode: during a 2-week period
What’s the essential feature of bipolar I disorder?
the occurrence of at least one manic episode
What disorder is more common in high-income countries and has the highest heritability rate of all major mental disorders?
Bipolar disorder
The risk of suicide in individuals with bipolar disorder is ___ to ____ times that of the general population
20 to 30 times
To be diagnosed with bipolar II, you need to have at least one _________ episode and at least one __________ episode - never with a manic episode
at least one major depressive episode and at least one hypomanic episode
Is bipolar disorder II more common in women or men?
Women
What’s the disorder that has numerous periods of the presence of hypomanic and depressive symptoms over at least 2 years
Cyclothymic disorder
What’s the diagnosis of someone that had the presence of a major depressive episode during a 2-week period that represents a change from previous functioning
Major depressive disorder
If someone has feelings of emptiness and loss, and it happens in waves rather than persistently, how can it be different than a major depressive disorder?
It could be grief
A major depressive episode usually peaks at what age?
in your 20’s
Suicide rate for males is ____ to _____ times higher than that of females, even though females attempt suicide _____ times as often
for males is 3-4 times higher
females attempt suicide 3 times as often
- What’s the single best predictor of death by suicide?
- Expressions of _______ is a stronger predictor than the presence & severity of depression
- a history of suicide attempts
- expressions of hopelessness
As an adult, if you were diagnosed with major depressive disorder, but then it lasted for more days than not for 2 years, you’d be diagnosed with what?
Persistent Depressive Disorder
With premenstrual dysphoric disorder, the onset of symptoms happens when, and when do symptoms improve?
Onset is a week before a woman’s period, and it improves a few days after the onset of her period
With separation anxiety disorder, how long do symptoms need to be present for children vs adults?
children: at least 4 weeks
adults: 6 months or more
What type of therapy yields the strongest/best results for specific phobias?
In-vivo exposure
What would you use for clients who can’t tolerate or are unwilling to try in-vivo exposures but will take more time and are less successful than exposure therapy at decreasing avoidance?
Systematic desensitization
The fear, anxiety or avoidance is persistent and typically lasting how long with social anxiety disorder?
6 months or more
What’s the best therapy for social anxiety disorder?
Cognitive behavioural therapy
What disorder is characterized by unexpected panic attacks that at least one of the attacks is followed by 1 month or more of concerns of having additional panic attacks and significant change in behaviour related to the attacks
Panic Disorder
What disorder is fear/anxiety about using public transportation, being in open or closed spaces, standing in line, being in a crowd or being outside their home & they are avoided due to fears of escape being difficult or they’ll have embarrassing symptoms without access to any help
Agoraphobia
What anxiety disorder has the latest onset at around 30 years of age?
Generalized anxiety disorder
What’s trichotillomania
recurrent pulling out of one’s own hair, with repeated attempts to decrease or stop hair-pulling
What’s excoriation disorder?
a skin-picking disorder with repeated attempts to decrease or stop picking
Obsessions are described as recurrent _____ , _____ or ______ that are experienced as intrusive and cause distress or anxiety
thoughts, urges or images
What is it called when someone has repetitive behaviours or mental acts that the person feels driven to perform to cope with an obsession or to comply with rigid rules?
Compulsion
Treatment for body dysmorphic disorder includes _____ and _______
cognitive behavioural behaviour & medication (SSRIs)
What medication & substance can induce obsessive-compulsive and related disorders?
amphetamines (other stimulants) and cocaine
