Assessment Flashcards
Norm reference scores show what?
shows how well a person did relative/compared to others (standard/z/T/percentile scores)
Criterion reference scores show what?
shows how much of the content the person has mastered (number of items correct or percentage correct)
Objective & subjective tests are based on what?
how the test is scored/scoring procedures
Differences between an objective vs subjective test
Objective: no reliance on a rater’s judgement with just a scoring key (EPPP test)
Subjective: involves some element of the rater’s judgement (Rorschach)
Normative vs ipsative score
Normative: how someone scored compared to others
Ipsative: what are the stronger or weaker areas for one person
What is “Empirical Criterion Keying”
A process in selecting items used in a test, which is intended to differentiate between groups of people who have a particular trait & those who do not (e.g., to see which people have schizophrenia)
What’s the “g factor” and who termed it that?
That intelligence is a single factor.
It was termed by Spearman, who believed intelligence was one general ability and it’s not several distinct kinds of intelligence
What did Thurnstone believe about intelligence?
There are 7 distinct primary mental abilities
According to Spearman, the most widely used tests for intelligence, the Wechsler test and the Stanford-Binet, measure what?
the “g factor” which means intelligence is a single factor
Cattell believed in the “g factor” of intelligence but added which subtypes?
- Fluid intelligence
- Crystallized intelligence
What’s the difference between fluid vs crystallized intelligence?
Fluid: acquiring new knowledge and solving new problems
Crystallized: knowledge gained over one’s lifetime through interaction between fluid and environment
What are the 3 stratums of human intelligence according to Cattell-Horn-Carroll
Stratum III - general intelligence or “g”
Stratum II - 10 broad cognitive abilities
Stratum I - 70 narrow cognitive abilities
What’s the most empirically validated theory of human intelligence?
Cattell-Horn-Carroll
Who thought people differ in their profile of intelligence and identified 8 distinct intelligences including musical, logical-mathematical, interpersonal & bodily-kinethetic?
Gardner or “Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences”
Who focused on the process rather than the product of intelligence and focused on three aspects of intelligence which are the internal components (e.g., how we perceive or store information), the capacity to adapt to enviro changes and the ability to apply past experiences to novel problems?
Sternberg or “Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory”
What’s the VCI on the WAIS-IV
Verbal comprehension index like similarities, vocabulary
What’s the PRI on the WAIS-IV
Perceptual reasoning index (visual puzzles)
What’s the WMI on the WAIS-IV
Working memory index like digit span and arithmetic
What’s the PSI on the WAIS-IV
Processing speed index like symbol search and coding
What’s the GAI on the WAIS-IV
General ability index like verbal comprehension and perceptual reasoning
The WISC-V is used with what ages?
Children 6-17 years old
What happens with the verbal comprehension of the WISC-V in children with chronic middle ear infections (chronic otitis media)
the verbal comprehension will often be depressed
What are the VSI and the FRI in the WISC-V?
VSI - Visual-spatial index (puzzles)
FRI - fFuid reasoning index (matrix reasoning & figure weights)
What happens with crystallized and fluid abilities as we age?
Crystallized: generally do not decrease with age, they remain intact or may improve.
Fluid: peak in adolescence and decline in a gradual steady manner thereafter
