Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

EPPP > Physical Developmental > Flashcards

Physical Developmental Flashcards

1
Q

What type of developmental change proposes that if you don’t master one developmental stage, you’re at risk for future developmental failures? (Stage theorists/qualitative change or continuity proponents/quantitative change)

A

Stage theorists/qualitative change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Who are the three major stage theorists?

A

Piaget, Kohlberg & Erikson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What’s approach is most known with quantitative change of development?

A

the information processing approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What kind of developmental change (qualitative or quantitative) believes development is continuous where you gradually learn, and adults have developed more abilities, skills and knowledge as they’ve aged from childhood

A

Quantitative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bronfenbrenner’s 5 levels of environmental influence: Microsystem

A

everyday environment the person encounters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Bronfenbrenner’s 5 levels of environmental influence: Mesosystem

A

interactions/links between the microsystems like a child’s parents meeting his teacher to discuss learning strategies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bronfenbrenner’s 5 levels of environmental influence: Exosystem

A

the relationship between two or more settings, where at least one person isn’t in the setting but the setting indirectly affects them, like a mother being harassed at the workplace which then impacts her parenting at home to her kids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bronfenbrenner’s 5 levels of environmental influence: Macrosystem

A

influences of religion, culture, economy & political systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Bronfenbrenner’s 5 levels of environmental influence: Chronosystem

A

the role of the passage of time in a person’s life like moving, a birth of a sibling, economic growth or war

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Differences between normative vs non-normative influences on development

A
  1. Normative: typical/events that happen similarly with most people
    - could be an event that happens to a particular cohort (e.g., ukrainian war)
  2. Non-normative: atypical - unusual events that have a major impact
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Difference between critical vs sensitive periods of development & provide examples

A

critical: something must occur during that period or it will never occur (e.g., when certain organs MUST develop during a particular embryonic stage, and if they DON’T, they won’t ever develop properly - birth defects)

sensitive: when learning has more of an impact then it will at any other time (like learning a language between ages 1-3, but you can still learn a language in adulthood, just not as easily)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How many chromosomes does each human cell contain, and how many genes?

A

23 PAIRS of chromosome & thousands of genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What 2 things is a gene composed of?

A

DNA & RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

RNA is noted to have what significant role related what functioning in the brain?

A

Memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Difference between a genotype & a phenotype

A

genotype: what’s in a person’s genes/genetic makeup, both expressed and unexpressed

phenotype: what’s outwardly observable, what actually presents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

22 pairs of our chromosomes are called ______, and the 23rd pair are ______ chromosomes

A

22 pairs: autosome
23rd pair: sex chromosomes (one from father & one from mother)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What letter is used for the sex chromosome of an ovum & what letters represent what could be contained within a sperm?

A

ovum: X
sperm: X or Y

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

2 letters to represent a female zygote vs a male zygote?

A

female zygote: XX
male zygote: XY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Klinefelter’s Syndrome: 1. sex chromosome or autosomal abnormality? 2. genetic code
3. what gender does it occur with?
4. impact on intelligence & can they reproduce?

A
  1. Sex chromosome abnormality
  2. XXY
  3. Males
  4. less intelligent & can’t reproduce
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Turner’s syndrome:
1. sex chromosome or autosomal abnormality?2. genetic code
3. what gender does it occur with?
4. impact on intelligence can they reproduce?

A
  1. sex chromosome abnormality
  2. X0 - missing X
  3. Women
  4. no impact on intelligence & can’t reproduce (no menstruation or ovulation)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Down’s syndrome:
1. sex chromosome or autosomal abnormality 2. impact on which chromosome?

A
  1. autosomal abnormality
  2. on the 21st chromosome, you have 3 chromosomes instead of a pair/2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

PKU (Phenylketonuria):
1. sex chromosome or autosomal abnormality? 2. what can’t be metabolized?
3. what can it result in?

A
  1. autosomal
  2. phenylalanine
  3. if phenylalanine is taken it can result in severe mental deficiencies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Hemophilia:
1. sex chromosome or autosomal abnormality?
2. predominantly found in what gender?
3. what does it cause?
4. what’s needed to prevent blood clotting?

A
  1. sex chromosome abnormality
  2. males
  3. excessive bleeding
  4. frequent blood transfusions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Sickle Cell Anemia:
1. sex chromosome or autosomal abnormality?
2. predominantly found in what race?
3. impact on which blood cells that can clog blood vessels?

A
  1. autosomal
  2. African Americans
  3. fragile RED blood cells
25
Prenatal period: Germinal Period 1. period of time 2. what happens to the zygote?
1. conception to two weeks 2. rapidly divides & implants itself to the uterine wall
26
Prenatal period: Embryonic period 1. period of time 2. what develops during this time? 3. what's most likely to occur in this first trimester?
1. 2 weeks to 8-12 weeks 2. major organ systems 3. birth defects
27
What are teratogenic agents?
agents that cause birth defects
28
Prenatal period: Fetal period 1. period of time 2. what develops during this time?
1. 8-12 weeks until birth 2. rapid growth/more complexity developed in organs & less crucial body parts like nails & lashes
29
What does cephalocaudal mean?
that the head and upper body develop before the lower body (from the top of the body down)
30
What does it mean that humans exhibit less sexual dimorphism than many other species?
that there are less differences/more similarity between the sexes (male & females) within the same species
31
Moro reflex - mnemonic
baby extends their legs, arms, fingers and arches their back in response to being startled (e.g., loud noise or feeling like their going to be dropped) - moro the monster scare
32
Rooting reflex - mnemonic
baby turning head, opening mouth & beginning to suck in response to their cheek being stroked with finger or nipple - Rooting for food or Ready to feed
33
Babinski reflex - mnemonic
baby spreading out toes & twisting foot in response to the sole of foot being stroked - Baby's BIG toe up!
34
Grasp reflex
baby makes a first fist around an object placed in the hand
35
What's the exception to most infant's senses being well developed at birth?
Vision
36
When does a baby achieve 20/20 acuity in vision?
between 6 months to 2 years
37
When can a baby distinguish their mother's face from that of others?
By 1 month of age
38
What does cross modal fluency mean & when is the ability first exhibited?
the ability to imitate facial features & happens at 2-3 weeks of age
39
When does a social smile emerge in an infant?
2 months old
40
Infants are able to stand alone on average at what age?
11-12 months old
41
When can infants take first steps and when can they start walking up steps?
first steps: 11-15 months walking up steps: 16 months
42
When is it recommended to begin toilet training?
Not before 24 months so after 24 months of age
43
What does plasticity mean with a young child until 7-8 years of age?
it means that if a significant hemisphere of the brain is damaged, another part of the brain can compensate and the child can recover
44
What is myelination and it continues into what age?
- A myelin sheath is developed around axons of some neurons - It enhances speed of processing, attention span & frontal lobe functioning - Continues into a person's 20's
45
When does puberty occur in girls vs boys and what does it include within that stage?
girls: 10-12 y.o & includes first menstrual period boys: 12-14 & includes first ejaculation
46
The impact on boys who mature earlier vs girls who mature earlier
Boys: positive psychological adjustment overall Girls: mixed effects, with higher academic achievement/independence but lower self-esteem, poor body image & more conflict with parents
47
Does research support it as true or as a myth that menopause is a time of psychological instability?
Research does not support it as true - MYTH
48
What's the term: male climacteric?
Gradual changes in men due to decreased testosterone
49
What two things dramatically affect the variety of physical abilities declining with age?
Environment & lifestyle choices
50
The difference between the 2 explanations for aging: primary vs secondary aging
Primary aging: inevitable changes in physical/mental processes - aging is genetically controlled, daily stressors wear out the body's cells - more biological perspective Secondary aging: it results from disease, disuse and neglect - more environmental perspective
51
What's research found in connection to sexual activity in old age vs earlier years
That people who were sexually active are more likely to remain sexually active in old age
52
What's the difference between sexual activity in women vs men in old age?
men - engage in sexual activity into their 70's or 80's women - are physiologically able to be sexually active a long as they live
53
What's the model called that focuses on perceptions of vulnerability & beliefs about illness that influence our health behaviours?
The Health Belief Model
54
What's the most significant source of preventable health risks and premature deaths?
Smoking
55
What's the most common nutritional problems among older adults in the USA?
Obesity
56
What's an important thing to assess in older adults as a significant factor contributing to overall well-being?
Nutrition
57
What's the affect of gender & race on life expectancy?
Gender: Women outlive men Race: White Americans outlive non-white Americans
58
What's the social buffer hypothesis?
Social support can reduce stress but it's not how much support but it's your perception of having an adequate social network
59
What did the Holmes and Rahe Social Readjustment Rating Scale measure?
the relationship between stress & illness e.g., the more points, the more likely you were to have illness - divorce is 100 points (most stressful) vs death of a friend is 37 points (less stressful)

EPPP (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions