(Social) & Multicultural Flashcards
Etic vs Emic
Etic: universal view of people
Emic: culture-specific view - eMic = Multi-cultural
Acculturation
A process in which members of one cultural group learn about & adopt the beliefs and behaviours of another group
Enculturation
the process of learning about one’s own culture, influenced primarily by home & family
Bicultural
Successful integration of two or more aspects of their cultural identity
4 acculturation strategies from Berry’s model of acculturation
- Assimilation - they don’t maintain their cultural identity
- Separation - when people place value on their original culture & wish to avoid interaction with people from other cultured
- Integration - people maintain their original culture while also interacting with people from other cultures
- Marginalization - when people do not maintain their cultural identity & do not seek to interact with people from other
What are the two key factors of Berry’s model of acculturation?
- cultural maintenance
- contact/participation
What’s an example of a mental disorder where the prevalence rate varies greatly across countries?
Major depression ranges from 2-19% across countries
What’s a common cultural idiom of distress?
Somatization
Cultural encapsulation
An issue for the therapist when they have narrow views of culture & minimizes cultural variation
Heterosexism
Ideas or beliefs that put down people who are non-heterosexual behaviour - general bias against non-heterosexuals
Stage 1 of Troiden’s 4 stage model of gay & lesbian development
- sensitization - occurs before puberty where child senses differentness related to gender rather than sexuality
Stage 2 of Troiden’s 4-stage model of gay & lesbian development
- Identity confusion - around age 17-18 when there’s a growing recognition of homosexual feelings & impulses & feeling excluded from the world
Stage 3 of Troiden’s 4-stage model of gay & lesbian development
- Identity assumption - managing social stigma around ages 19-22 & increased contact with the gay/lesbian community & strategies like capitulation (agreeing with negative views); minstralization (acting out stereotypical behaviour); passing (only identifying as gay in a select group of people) & group alignment (immersing oneself in gay groups but still harbouring negative views)
Stage 4 of Troiden’s 4-stage model of gay & lesbian development
Commitment - around ages 22-23 when they integrate their homosexual identity & are more open & happier
Difference between homophobic and heterosexism
homophobic: fear & hatred towards people who are gay
heterosexism: general bias - opposed to or denigrating homosexuals
low context vs high context communication (Population/culture that use them)
low context: The meaning of communication is based on what’s explicitly verbalized (middle-class white American culture)
high context: The context matters a lot like the nonverbal cues matter, the meaning is different depending on how or when they say it (African Americans, Hispanics, Native Americans, Filipino culture)
The Minority Identity Development Model: Stage one
Conformity - minority prefers dominant culture - negative attitudes about oneself & their culture
The Minority Identity Development Model: Stage two
Dissonance: questions the values and customs of the dominant culture & begins to appreciate their culture
The Minority Identity Development Model: Stage three
Resistance: strongly favour their culture, rejects dominant culture & empathy for other minority groups
The Minority Identity Development Model: Stage four
Introspection: a deeper level of analysis of seeing the elements of the dominant culture that are functional & desirable & ethnocentrism is diminished & interest grows in the oppression of other minority groups
The Minority Identity Development Model: Stage five
Synergetic Articulation & Awareness (AKA integrative awareness): appropriately critical and appreciative of their own culture, dominant culture & other minority cultures
Helms’s White Racial Identity Development Model - Contact (what stage & what is it?)
Stage one: white people are ignorant & don’t recognize racism or their privilege
Helms’s White Racial Identity Development Model - Disintegration (What stage & what is it?
Stage two: white people start to feel bad about the advantages they have and how they maintain racism
Helms’s White Racial Identity Development Model - Reintegration (What stage & what is it?)
Stage three: White people believe they are superior to groups of colour & racial groups are inferior
