Nervous system/brain Flashcards

1
Q

2 subdivisions of the peripheral nervous system

A

Somatic & Autonomic Nervous system

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2
Q

What’s the Somatic NS

A

receives messages that control the voluntary motor movement

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3
Q

What’s the Autonomic NS

A

controls automatic/involuntary bodily functions

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4
Q

2 subdivisions of the Autonomic NS

A

sympathetic or parasympathetic

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5
Q

C1-C7 - which region?

A

Cervical/neck region

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6
Q

T1-T12 - which region?

A

Thoracic/chest region

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7
Q

L1-L5 - which region?

A

Lumbar/back region

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8
Q

S1 vertebra - which region?

A

Sacral (spine & hip meet) region

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9
Q

Severing the spine between C1-C5 results in:

A

Quadriplegia

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10
Q

Severing the spine at C6-C7 results in:

A

Paraplegia & partial paralysis

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11
Q

Severing the spine at T1 or below results in:

A

Paraplegia

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12
Q

Cerebrum is involved with ____________

A

complex thought, perception & action

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13
Q

Left hemisphere refers to the control over what?

A

Language & Logic

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14
Q

What hemisphere is involved with perceptual, visual-spatial, artistic, musical & intuitive activities

A

The right hemisphere

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15
Q

Where is the Broca’s area located & what does it control?

A

in the left frontal lobe & it controls the muscles that produce speech

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16
Q

Damage to the frontal lobe is most often caused by what?

A

traumatic brain injury, a stroke or a tumor

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17
Q

What division of the frontal lobe is critical for personality, emotionality, planning & initiation, judgement & cognitive flexibility

A

prefrontal cortex

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18
Q

What division of the frontal lobe is involved in planning movement?

A

premotor area

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19
Q

What division of the frontal lobe is involves instigating/doing muscle movements

A

motor area

20
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Somatosensory information (e.g., pain & heat)

21
Q

Damage to the parietal lobe is caused by

22
Q

Delirium
1. Disturbance in what 2 things
2. How is it diagnosed?

A
  1. Attention & awareness
  2. Needs evidence of a physiological cause
23
Q

2 hallmarks of Alzheimer’s Disease

A

Amyloid plaques & neurofibrillary tangles

24
Q

What neurotransmitter decreases with Alzheimer’s & what’s cognitive functions is it involved with

A

Acetylcholine - involved with learning & memory

25
What's the cause of Major Vascular Neurocognitive Disorder
numerous small cerebrovascular accidents AKA strokes
26
What are 3 symptoms of Major ND with Lewy Bodies that differentiate it from Alzheimer's
1. Visual hallucinations 2. Sleep disturbances 3. Muscle rigidity
27
Where are the abnormalities found in Parkinson's disease?
Substantial Nigra (section of the Basal Ganglia - regulates voluntary movement)
28
Huntington's Disease involves what sections of the basal ganglia
1. Caudate nucleus 2. Putamen
29
The motor symptoms of Huntington's are from a reduction of what 2 neurotransmitters which results in an excess of ___________
Acetylcholine & GABA which results in an excess of Dopamine
30
Pick's disease & progressive supranuclear palsy are which neurocognitive disorder?
Major Frontotemporal Neurocognitive Disorder
31
Two subtypes of closed head injury
Concussions & Contusions
32
Key distinction between pseudodementia & neurocognitive disorder is what?
Older people with pseudodementia will often complain about their mild cognitive dysfunction
33
What's Gate Control Theory
Sensations of pain are mediated by neural gates in the spinal cord that allows or doesn't allow these signals to continue on to the brain
34
Centralization of Pain Theory - what it's connected to & what is it?
Chronic pain & it believes sensitization to pain occurs when the brain is exposed to repeated pain signals so the brain remembers the pain & is quicker to respond to new pain signals in the future - lower pain threshold & stronger pain response
35
Difference between Beta vs Alpha waves
Beta: alertness & attention ("you beta be alert") Alpha: relaxation ("ahhh"
36
What waves are involved in stage 1 of sleep?
Theta waves
37
What rapid & rhythmic wave activity is involved in stage 2 of sleep?
Sleep spindles
38
What waves are involved in stage 3 & 4?
Delta waves
39
What's stage 5 of sleep called?
REM Sleep
40
What is the restorative function of N-REM sleep vs REM sleep?
N-REM: physically REM: psychologically
41
2 types of generalized seizures
Tonic clonic (grand mal) Absence seizures (petit mal)
42
2 types of partial seizures & common examples of each type
Simple Partial Seizures (Jacksonian seizures) Complex Partial Seizures (temporal lobe epilepsy)
43
3 stages of General Adaptation Syndrome
1. Alarm 2. Resistance 3. Exhaustion
44
The 6 constructs of the Health Belief Model
1. Perceived susceptibility 2. Perceived seriousness 3. Perceived benefits of preventative action 4. Perceived barriers of preventative action 5. Cues to action 6. Self-efficacy
45