Nervous system/brain Flashcards
2 subdivisions of the peripheral nervous system
Somatic & Autonomic Nervous system
What’s the Somatic NS
receives messages that control the voluntary motor movement
What’s the Autonomic NS
controls automatic/involuntary bodily functions
2 subdivisions of the Autonomic NS
sympathetic or parasympathetic
C1-C7 - which region?
Cervical/neck region
T1-T12 - which region?
Thoracic/chest region
L1-L5 - which region?
Lumbar/back region
S1 vertebra - which region?
Sacral (spine & hip meet) region
Severing the spine between C1-C5 results in:
Quadriplegia
Severing the spine at C6-C7 results in:
Paraplegia & partial paralysis
Severing the spine at T1 or below results in:
Paraplegia
Cerebrum is involved with ____________
complex thought, perception & action
Left hemisphere refers to the control over what?
Language & Logic
What hemisphere is involved with perceptual, visual-spatial, artistic, musical & intuitive activities
The right hemisphere
Where is the Broca’s area located & what does it control?
in the left frontal lobe & it controls the muscles that produce speech
Damage to the frontal lobe is most often caused by what?
traumatic brain injury, a stroke or a tumor
What division of the frontal lobe is critical for personality, emotionality, planning & initiation, judgement & cognitive flexibility
prefrontal cortex
What division of the frontal lobe is involved in planning movement?
premotor area
What division of the frontal lobe is involves instigating/doing muscle movements
motor area
Parietal lobe
Somatosensory information (e.g., pain & heat)
Damage to the parietal lobe is caused by
Stroke
Delirium
1. Disturbance in what 2 things
2. How is it diagnosed?
- Attention & awareness
- Needs evidence of a physiological cause
2 hallmarks of Alzheimer’s Disease
Amyloid plaques & neurofibrillary tangles
What neurotransmitter decreases with Alzheimer’s & what’s cognitive functions is it involved with
Acetylcholine - involved with learning & memory
What’s the cause of Major Vascular Neurocognitive Disorder
numerous small cerebrovascular accidents AKA strokes
What are 3 symptoms of Major ND with Lewy Bodies that differentiate it from Alzheimer’s
- Visual hallucinations
- Sleep disturbances
- Muscle rigidity
Where are the abnormalities found in Parkinson’s disease?
Substantial Nigra (section of the Basal Ganglia - regulates voluntary movement)
Huntington’s Disease involves what sections of the basal ganglia
- Caudate nucleus
- Putamen
The motor symptoms of Huntington’s are from a reduction of what 2 neurotransmitters which results in an excess of ___________
Acetylcholine & GABA which results in an excess of Dopamine
Pick’s disease & progressive supranuclear palsy are which neurocognitive disorder?
Major Frontotemporal Neurocognitive Disorder
Two subtypes of closed head injury
Concussions & Contusions
Key distinction between pseudodementia & neurocognitive disorder is what?
Older people with pseudodementia will often complain about their mild cognitive dysfunction
What’s Gate Control Theory
Sensations of pain are mediated by neural gates in the spinal cord that allows or doesn’t allow these signals to continue on to the brain
Centralization of Pain Theory - what it’s connected to & what is it?
Chronic pain & it believes sensitization to pain occurs when the brain is exposed to repeated pain signals so the brain remembers the pain & is quicker to respond to new pain signals in the future - lower pain threshold & stronger pain response
Difference between Beta vs Alpha waves
Beta: alertness & attention (“you beta be alert”)
Alpha: relaxation (“ahhh”
What waves are involved in stage 1 of sleep?
Theta waves
What rapid & rhythmic wave activity is involved in stage 2 of sleep?
Sleep spindles
What waves are involved in stage 3 & 4?
Delta waves
What’s stage 5 of sleep called?
REM Sleep
What is the restorative function of N-REM sleep vs REM sleep?
N-REM: physically
REM: psychologically
2 types of generalized seizures
Tonic clonic (grand mal)
Absence seizures (petit mal)
2 types of partial seizures & common examples of each type
Simple Partial Seizures (Jacksonian seizures)
Complex Partial Seizures (temporal lobe epilepsy)
3 stages of General Adaptation Syndrome
- Alarm
- Resistance
- Exhaustion
The 6 constructs of the Health Belief Model
- Perceived susceptibility
- Perceived seriousness
- Perceived benefits of preventative action
- Perceived barriers of preventative action
- Cues to action
- Self-efficacy
