theories of learning Flashcards
operant conditioning
the use of reinforcement to assure correct Reponses are repeated
actions performer is rewarded from, more likely to be repeated
based off work of skinner
who observed rats in a cage(skinner box)
first, hit mechnism by accidentm quickly learned to hit mechanism to gain reward
what 3 things is operant condiiotning based on
trial and error of learning
coach manipulating environment
shapes behaviour by use of reinfocment
stimulus response bond
operant conditioning works by strerngthening the lin between the stimulus and the response
known as stimulus response bond
e.g flimsy shot mid court should be reciveed by a smash shot
what way can coach link the stimulus and reponse
postive reinforcment
negaitve reingocemnt
punishment
positve reinforcemnt definition and example in sport
increases likelihood of a behaviour being repeated
pleasent stimulus given to make perfomer repeat action
e.g coach praising swimmer /performer for correct leg action
negative reinforcement definition and example in sport
taking away unpleasent stimuls when perfomer does it right
e.g shouting at perfomer due to incorrect technique, however, when correct technquie then praising them
punishment definition and sport example
unpleasent stimuls given to prevent incorrect action happeninng again
e.g red card
observational learning (bandura)
attention-how well notice behaviour/making demonstartions attactive
retention-how well store in memory
motor reproduction-are we capable to repeat beahviour
motivation-will to do the beheaviour
attention
how well we notice behaviour
if demontration is attactive, more likely to be copied
ways to make sure demonstration is attactive to perfomer
making sure info is loud and clear
model is loud and bright
should be accurate and always correct
retention
remembering the demonstration and being able to recall it
ways to make sure demonstration is rermebered
making it loud and clear
making it accurate
motor production
having mental and physical ability to do task/ does the performer have the capabilties
how can you make sure perfomer is physcially capable of copying the demonstration
making sure its at the same level as perfomer
making sure task is understood
motivation
having the drive to do the demonstration
ways to make sure perfomer is motivated to copy demonstration
praise and rewards
bandura
believed behaviour can be leaned by watching and copying other people
social development theory
vygotsky
saw therole of associting with others as vital to learning
what are the more knowledge other (mko)
learning from coaches and teachers
inter-pscyholgoical learning
learn from MKO to get advice, feedback adn tactical knowledge
intra psychological leanring
perfomer than will use what they have learned externally and takes from within using their own cognitive aspects
construcivitsm
building up learning in stages, based on the current level of perfomance
what is the zone of proximal devlopment
assessment of what they need to do next to learn skill
what are the three stages of the zone of proximal development
what can i do alone
what can i do with help
what can i not do yet
insight learning
using experience and understanding to solve problems relating to the whole skill
perfomer uses existing knowlege to deal with problematic sporting situations
encourages perfomer to think for themselves
adv of insight learning
helps with whole task
reliastic sporting situations
lead to self satisfaction if performer does it successfully
uses cognive process
