musculoskeletal system Flashcards
what is a joint
where two or more bones meet
ball and socket joints
allow movement in every direction
articulating bones at the elbow
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
study tip: how are U
articulating bones at knee
femur
tibia
study tip: face time
articulating bones at ankle
tibia
talus
fibula
articulating bones at the shoulder
Humerus
Scapula
study tip: SH beggining of word shoulder
articulating bones at the hip
Femur
Pelvis
ball and socket joints
allow movement in Every direction
ball and socket joints=hip and shoulder
hinge joints
allow movement in onlY one direrction
hinge joints=ankle knee elbow
what are the three planes of movements and how do they divide the body
sagittal plane-divides body into left and right halves
study tip; starts with s for sides
frontal plane-divides body into front and back halves
transverse plane-divides body into upper and lower halves
what movements occur at the sagittal plane
flexion
extension
what movements occur at the frontal plane
abduction
adduction
what movements occur at the transverse plane
horizontal abduction
horizontal adduction
rotation
way to remember all of the planes
sagittal
frontal
transverse
study tip: Suck face time
transverse axis
STI
runs from side to side
longitudinal axis
TLC
runs from top to bottom
sagittal axis
ffs
runs from front to back
flexion definition
decreasing the angle at a joint
extension definition
increasing angle at a joint
plantar flexion
pushing up onto toes
dorsiflexion
pulling toes up to shin
hyper extension
increasing angle beyond 180
abduction
movemnt of limbs away from midline of the body
adduction
movement of limbs towards the midline of the body
joint actions in the STI (sagittal plane, transverse axis)
sagittal-divides body into left and right halves
transverse axis-runs from side to side
flexion and extension and hyper extension(increasing angle beyond 180)
what is an agonist
muscle responsible for movement that is occurring
what is an antagonist
muscle that works in opposition to agonist to help produce a coordinated movement
agonist
muscle that contracts
shortens
antagonist
muscle that lengthens and relaxes
opposition of the agonist
study tip: agonist is shorter word then antagonist so meaning one that shortens and contracts
elbow flexion
agonist-bicep
antagonist-tricep
ankle plantar flexion
agonist-gastrocnemius
antagonist-tibilias anterior
knee flexion
agonist-hamstrings
antagonist-quadriceps
hip flexion
agonist-hip flexors
antagonist-glutales
hip adduction
agonist-hip adductors
antagonist-tensor facae latae and gluteus minimus
hip horizontal aduction
agonist-adductors
antagonist-tensor facia latae and gluteus minimus/medius
study tip: SAME AS HIP ADDUCTION
shoulder flexion
agonist-anterior deltoid
antagonist-latimuss dorsi
study tip: AD LD
shoulder horizontal adduction
agonist-pectorals
antagonist-lattimus dorsi
shoulder adduction
agonist-posterior deltoid
antagonist-supraspinatus
isotonic contraction
movement occurs and there are two types
what are the two types of isotonic contractions
essentric-when the muscle lengthens
downward phase
concentric-when muscle shortens
upward phase
isometric contractions
when muscle contracts without actually shorting or lengthening
no movement occurs
e.g crucfix position in gymnastics
example of frontal plane sagittal axis in sport
cartwheel
abduction and adduction
