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paper 1 pe > skill acqualisation > Flashcards

skill acqualisation Flashcards

1
Q

characteristics of skill

A

Aesthetically pleasing
Consistent
Efficient
Fluent
Accurate
Controlled
Economical

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2
Q

what is a skill

A

learned ability to bring about pre-determined results with the minimum outlay of time, energy or both

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3
Q

open and closed skills

A

open skill-when sporting environment is unpredictable and changes frequently

closed skill- a skill performed in predictable environment

can easily be repeated
fewer decisions to make

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4
Q

gross and fine skills

A

gross skill-skill performed using large muscle groups

e.g shoulder muscles

fine skill-skill that uses smaller muscle groups

requires control and precision

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5
Q

sport examples of gross and fine skill

A

gross-rugby tackle

fine-darts

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6
Q

self paced and externally paced skills

A

self paced-performer has control over speed and start of performance

externally paced-performer has no control over start and speed of skill

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7
Q

sporting examples of self paced and externally paced skills

A

self paced- taking a penalty

externally paced- runner running from sound of gun

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8
Q

discrete contrinous and serial skills

A

discrete-clear beginning and end

one sharp action

continuous skill-no clear beginning and end

often end of sub routine of skill is start of the next part

serial skill-skill that contains several discrete skills in order to make continuous movement

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9
Q

example of discrete continuous and serial skills

A

discrete-tennis serve as sharp action

continuous-cycle
action of pedalling can be repeated continuously until task completed

serial skill-gymnastics,dance or trampolining routines

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10
Q

high and low organised skills

A

low organised skill-skill easily broken down

highly organised skill-skill not easily broken down into parts

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11
Q

sporting examples of low and high organised skills

A

low-swimming stroke because arm action can easily be identified and practised separately

high-tennis serve
quick action can not be easily broken down

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12
Q

simple and complex skills

A

simple skill-skill that requires fee decisions when being performed

complex skill-skill that requires decision making using lots of information when performed

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13
Q

sporting examples of simple and complex skills

A

simple-front roll

complex-dribble i’m hockey

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14
Q

what are the names of the 4 types of transfer of learning

A

postive
negative
zero
bilateral

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15
Q

positive transfer definition and sporting example

A

learning of one skill aids/helps the learning of another

e.g shooting in netball helps shooting in basketball

passing in netball helps passing in basketball

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16
Q

negative transfer definition and sporting example

A

learning of one skill hinders the learning of another

may be due to the actions being too similar which causes confusion

e.g badminton and tennis serves

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17
Q

zero transfer definition and sporting example

A

learning of one skill has no impact on the learning of another

e.g rock climbing and swimming arm action

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18
Q

bilateral transfer definition and sporting example

A

when the learning of one skill is passed across the body from limb to limb

e.g practicing shooting on left foot, then helps shooting on right

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19
Q

what are the names of the 4 methods of presenting practice

A

whole practice
whole part whole practice
progressive part practice
massed practice

20
Q

whole practice definition and sporting example

A

practicing the skill in its entirety without breaking it into sub routines

e.g golf swing

21
Q

when may coach decide to use whole practice

A

skill is fast ballistic and discrete such as sharp action of tennis serve

skill is highly organised meaning cannot be easily broken down

skill is simple so does not require much through so fewer demands are placed on performer

22
Q

adv of whole practice

A

helps create specific images
can be stored in motor programme

makes skill consistent-help performer have good habits and perform skill automatically

23
Q

did of whole practice

A

performer may not be able to cope with demands of task if beginner

could get fatigue/too much info for beginner to process

24
Q

whole part whole practice definition and sporting example for

A

assessing skill, identifying weakness to practice, then putting the skill back together

e.g beginner learning a complex task
breaking it apart and then repeating the whole skill all together

25
Q

adv of whole part whole practice

A

motivation increased when long standing weakness is corrected

26
Q

dis of whole part whole practice

A

time consuming

may produce negative transfer

27
Q

progressive part practice

A

practicing first part of the skill then adding parts gradually

also be called chaining

28
Q

sport example of progressive part practice

A

dance routine developed by teaching each part of the sequence in order
first part of routine taught, second part added on, so on until sequence completed

29
Q

adv of progressive part practice

A

allows performer to focus on one aspect of the task and correct specific weaknesses

learner can rest so fatigue is reduced

30
Q

massed practice

A

no rest intervals during the practice session

continuous

31
Q

adv of massed practice

A

promotes fitness

practicing without rests makes skill become more automatic

motor programmes can be stored more easily

32
Q

dis of massed practice

A

produce fatigue

danger of negative transfer

33
Q

distributed practice

A

rest intervals are given during practice session

34
Q

adv of distributed practice

A

takes pressure off performers

good for beginners

35
Q

dis of distributed practice

A

time consuming

should not be used when training session is tight

36
Q

varied practice

A

changing the practice type and practice drills

so that players learn to adapt changes

37
Q

adv of varied practice

A

change in tasks, increases motivation

38
Q

dis of varied practice

A

time consuming

39
Q

mental practice

A

going over skill in the mind without movement before event or part of practice

39
Q

adv of mental practice

A

improves confidence and lowers anxiety

improves decision making of player

40
Q

what are the names of the three stages of learning

A

cognitive
associative
autonomous

41
Q

cognitive stage of learning

A

first stage of learning used by novice

used by coping demonstrations

motor programme not developed

movements are slow and uncoordinated

use trial and error-have a go at skill, thinking and adapting actions, then do it again to see if any improvements have been made

42
Q

associative stage

A

performer moves from being beginner to accomplished performer

needs lots of practice

motor programme is forming

feedback becomes more internal

movements become smoother and coordinated

43
Q

autonomous stage

A

actions are fluent and efficient

actions automatically undertaken

can concentrate on fine details of a task

motor programme formed

44
Q

positive feedback

A

encouragement

45
Q

negative feedback

A

error correction

46
Q

intrinsic feedback

A

from within

paper 1 pe (54 decks)

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