neuromuscular system

Question 1

what is the neuromuscular system

Answer 1

where both the nervous system and the muscles work together to cause movement

Question 2

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 2

prepares body for exercise
reffered to as flight or fight reponse

Question 3

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 3

opposite effect of sympathetic
relaxes body
slows down energy systems

Question 4

what are the names of the 3 types of muscle fibres

Answer 4

type 1-slow oxidative/slow twitch

type 2a-fast oxidative glycolytic

type 2x-fast glycolytic

Question 5

type 1-slow twitch/slow oxidative

Answer 5

slow contraction speed

better adapted for low intensity exercises e.g. long distance running

produce energy aerobically (presence of oxygen)

Question 6

type 2a-fast oxidative glycolytic

Answer 6

more restant to fatigue

used for events e.g 1500m where longer bursts of energy needed

produce energy anaerobically (without presence of oxygen)

Question 7

type 2x-fast glycolytic

Answer 7

fatigue much quicker than type 2a

used for explosive movements

e.g sprint where fast quick short burst of energy needed

produce energy anaerobically (without presence of oxygen)

Question 8

characteristics of all three types of muscle fibres

Answer 8

contraction speed
1-slow
2a-fast
2x-fast

myoglobin content
1-high
2a-medium
2x-low

capillary density
1-high
2a-medium
2x-low

mitochondria density
1-high
2a-medium
2x-low

study tip:maddie cant moan

Question 9

what can training do to muscle fibre

Answer 9

increase the size

Question 10

what is increasing a muscle called

Answer 10

hypertrophy, where muscle becomes bigger and stronger

Question 11

what are muscle fibres grouped into

Answer 11

motor units

Question 12

what does a motor unit consist of

Answer 12

motor neurone and its muscle fibres

only one type of muscle fibre can be found in one particular motor unit

Question 13

whatt does the motor neurone do

Answer 13

transmits a nerve impulse to the muscle fibre

Question 14

what is the neuromuscular junction

Answer 14

where the motor neurone and muscle fibre meet

Question 15

what type of motor units does a fine movement have

Answer 15

only few fibres per motor neurone

Question 16

what is the all or none law

Answer 16

once motor neurone stimulates muscle fibres, either all of them contract or none of them contract

not possible for motor unit to partially contract

sequence of impulses must be equal to or above threshold, f0r all the muscle fibres in motor unit to contract

Question 17

fast twitch and slow twitch motor units

Answer 17

brain will recurit slow twich muscle units to low intensity exercises e.g jogging

brain will recurit fast twitch motor units for high intensity exercises e.g 100m sprint

Question 18

what are the names of the two ways to increase the strength of contraction

Answer 18

wave summation

spatial summation

Question 19

wave summation

Answer 19

repeated activation of a motor neurone stimulating a given muscle fibre resulting in greater force of contraction
repeated nerve impulse with no time to relax, creating a smooth sustained contraction (tetanic contraction)

Question 20

spatial summation

Answer 20

when impulses are received at same time at different places on the neurone

recuritment of bigger motor units within a muscle to devlop more force

Question 21

what does PNF stand for

Answer 21

proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation

Question 22

PNF explained

Answer 22

type of advnaced stretching

Question 23

what are the two proprioreceptors in PNF

Answer 23

muscle spindles
golgi tendon organs

Question 24

what do muscle spindles do

Answer 24

detect how fast and far a muscle is being stretched
if muscle stretchedd too far, then muscles will contract causing a stretch refex and preventing overstretching

Question 25

what do golgi tendon organs do

Answer 25

detect tension in muscle
cause muscle t relax overrriding the stretch reflex and causing autogenic inhibition
preventing tearing of muslce