theology midterm Flashcards
apostle to the gentiles
st. paul
beloved disciple
st john
divine processions
relationship between the father, son, and the holy spirit
word made flesh
incarnation
apostle to the jews
st john
agape
love
pentecost
birth of the church
presbyteros
priest
apologia
defense of the catholic faith
didache
teaching
the father is the _____ of the world, the son is the _____ and the holy spirit is the _____
source
savior
paraclete
true or false: jesus’ teaching constitutes the deposit of faith
True
true or false: the church has three dimensions - visible, spiritual, intellectual
False
true or false: St. paul was the first apostle called
False
true or false: all apostles but st james died as martyrs
false
true or false: the church is the mystical body of christ and the temple of the holy spirit
true
true or false: the nicene creed includes the four marks that correspond to the catholic church
true
true or false: the canon of the bible was decided at the council of jerusalem
false
true or false: the world apostle means one who is sent or called
true
true or false: the church teaches scripture is authoritative apart from the teaching of the church
true
true or false: jesus taught non violence and prayer in the face of persecution
true
who is the supreme witness given to the truth of the faith
peter
four marks of the church
one
holy
catholic
apostolic
jesus inaugural event of the public ministry was his ______ in the _____ by st. john
baptism
river jordan
the church was anointed for her mission on the day of _____
Pentecost
the three synoptic gospels are
matthew
mark
luke
christ made ____ the head of the church
peter
at the _________ the church made a definitive statement regarding the canon of scriptures
council of jerusalem
the ___________ was the suffering event caused by herod the great, king of jude’s, in ordering the execution children two years old and under
martyr of the innocents
______ is a branch of theology that purports to defend and explain the catholic Faith and religion.
apologetics
False narrative books on the life of Christ are referred to as
heresys
A share in God’s life and poured out to humanity in the sacraments is called
grace
________ plus Tradition comprises the Deposit of the Faith.
unchanging scripture
mother of holy church
mary
Describe the life of the apostles following Christ’s Ascension to heaven. What gave them courage to preach the Gospel to make disciples of all nations?
following christs ascension to heaven, the apostles continued his ministry by preaching, healing and exorcising demons. jesus commanded the spotles to spread the gospel everywhere and they passed their powers to their successors through the bishop until Christ had once returned.
What aspect in the founding of the early Church especially drew your attention? Include a topic discussed in class or shared in chapter one (textbook).
One aspect in the founding of the early Church that drew my attention was during Pentecost, when the Holy Spirit descended upon the disciples and truly left them at ease with the feeling of peace, love and power. This drew my attention because it shows how everloving Christ is, and how he was able to keep his promise Of coming back after he died
wrote letters on the way to his martyrdom
St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch
Disciples meet Jesus and walk 7 miles without recognizing Him. Jesus opens there eyes.
Road to Emmaus
Primary location where Christians faced Roman persecution and lost their life.
Coliseum
St. Thomas words after placing his hand in the side of the Risen Lord
“My Lord and my God”
Disciple of St. John the Apostle
St. Polycarp, Bishop of Smyrna
Angels who visited St. Joan of Arc
St. Catherine, St. Margaret, and St. Michael
Apostates
Christians who left their faith entirely (largely due to persecution)
Washed away by the sacrament of baptism
Original sin
Theotokos
Mother of God
true or false: St. Peter was martyred during the time of Nero.
true
true or false: Trajan’s Rescript legalized Christianity.
false
true or false: Decius was responsible for the first empire-wide persecution of christians.
true
true or false: St. Irenæus was best known for combating gnosticism.
true
true or false The importance of St. Augustine is arguably the greatest rivaled by St. Thomas Aquinas
true
true or false Arianism believed in Christ’s divinity, true God and true Man.
false
true or false Pelagius taught man could be saved without grace.
true
true or false Arius taught that Christ was a creature of the Father, though the greatestcreated being.
true
true or false Theodosius cemented the union between church and state with his decree of 391 making christianity the official religion of the empire.
true
The four characteristics of the Church Fathers include:
holiness, antiquity, orthodoxy and notoriety
St. Basil, St. Gregory of Nyssa and St. Gregory of Nazianus were known as the
Cappadocian Fathers
Emperor _______ attributed his victory at the battle of Milvian Bridge to a vision of the Christian cross, leading to his conversion and the eventual legalization of the religion within the Roman Empire.
Constantine
_______’s Rescript gave Christians the choice of death or apostasy.
Trajan
_____ is the willful denunciation of the Faith in its entirety.
apostasy
St. Justin the Martyr died under the reign of Emperor ____________
Marcus Aurellus
________ defeated Maximian with the symbol of the cross on his army’s armor.
Constantine
an _____ is a ban solemnly pronounced by an ecclesiastical authority and accompanied by excommunication from the Church.
anathema
________ was the heresy that believed in 2 gods, one in the Old Testament and one in the New Testament.
Marcionism
Homoousios means
consubstantial (the same essence)
The heresy of _______ denies the two natures of Christ.
Apollonarianism
______ taught Jesus was neither god nor equal to the Father, but raised to the level of “son of god” because of his fidelity and piety.
Arianism
______ _believed in a god known as the Demiurge who was a force of evil, responsible for the creation of the material world. They believed the Demiurge was distinct from the supreme God, and that the faithful must wage war against the Demiurge to please the good god.
Gnosticism
_______ taught the human nature of christ was absorbed into the divine nature as a drop of water is absorbed into the ocean.
Monophysitism
_____ rejected the validity of Sacraments celebrated by priests and bishops who had formerly betrayed the Faith.
Donatists
______ lived a life summarized by this constant affirmation: “our hearts are restless until they rest in thee, o Lord.”
St Augustine
What effects did persecution have on the early church? Include both positive and negative.
The persecution caused Christian Churches to be destroyed and christians who refused to recant lost their legal rights. However, people were to experience christ in a newway and the perecurion later caused more growth in the church
Which Church Father particularly inspired you?
Polycarp inspired me the most because he died for Christ, and refused to renounce him. Even though he suffered a tragic death, hedid it for christ.
Name 2 facts about what took place at the Council of Nicea.
resolved the controversy of Arianism
- enshrined the divinity of christ, referring to the term “homousios”
Mission of the Catholic Church and the Body of Christ
Bring Good News in Christ to all people
Meets Attila the Hun and saves Rome from massive barbarian attack
Pope St. Leo the Great
Patriarch of Western Monasticism
St. Benedict
Last of the traditional Latin Doctors (also a monk who becomes Pope)
Pope St. Gregory the Great
Most ruthless of Germanic tribes
Vandals
Way of life characterized by prayer and self denial
Monasticism
“and the Son”
Filioque
Led by Emperor Leo III who ordered the destruction of icons
Iconoclastic controversy
Dominus et Deus
Lord and God
true or false: St. Peter was martyred during the time of Nero.
true
true or false St. John of Damascus renounced the use of icons
false
true or false Charlemagne became the first ruler to unite the Germanic kingdoms with papacy
true
true or false Final break between the Eastern and Western church is called the Great Schism.
true
true or false St. Patrick is the “Apostle of Germany”
false
true or false Emperor Leo III failed at successfully stopping the Muslim invaders in 717
false
true or false St. Paul of Thebes was the first to start the monastic way of life
true
true or false Pope St. Gregory is the Patriarch of Western Monasticism
false
true or false Irish monks did little to protect and promote western civilization
false
true or false St. Augustine of Canterbury brought the Catholicism to pagans and Anglo-Saxons.
true
true or false Nero persecuted Christians throughout the Roman Empire.
true
true or false Rule of St. Benedict was adopted by virtually all monastic communities
true
true or false Constantine was baptized before he died.
true
true or false St. Bede is the Father of English History
true
true or false St. Vladimir is the “Apostle of Germany.”
false
______ the great founded the byzantine empire and named it constantinople
Constantine
emperor ______ issued an edict in 726 declaring all icons were idolatry and ordered their destruction.
Leo III
______, ______, ______ are the three vows
made by Benedictine monks following the Rule of St. Benedict.
poverty, obedience, chastity
______ proved vital for the spread of Christianity during turbulent periods.
Monasticism
_________ authored the work Confessions and The City of God.
st augustine
Monasticism brought the benefits of ______ and ______ at the time of Germanic and other barbarian attacks.
stability and preservation
Spain fell to the ____ in 711 and France fell not long after in 732.
Muslims
_______ was known as the “Church’s eldest daughter.”
France
________ was the Apostolic Father who asked Christians not to intervene with his martyrdom through letters.
St Ignatius
______ received the Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire causing schism with the Byzantine emperors.
Charlemagne
the lands around Rome, Italy and won by Pepin making the Pope a sovereign as well as spiritual leader
Papal States
Greek term for lover of icons.
Iconophile
a large room in a monastery dedicated to the copying and maintaining of texts
scriptorium
a ______ is one for faith reasons retires to solitary life into the “desert.”
hermit
List and explain the primary causes that led to the Great Schism in 1054.
- language: the east spoke Greek and the west spoke latin
- tradition: eastern orthodox prepares the eucharst with leavened bread and the west didnt
- politics : in the east they made aliances
- Icons: People started to worship them
Filioque
How would you have brought understanding to the iconoclasts on the spiritual use of icons in prayer?
To bring understanding to the iconoclasts, I would explain that lcons are not idols, out they act as tools to help christians focus on their faith and in prayer. Icons are like a visual Bible that are able to evangelize without any words.
What is known as the “filioque” controversy? Provide context and background.
The filioque controversy was basically a disagreement between the Eastern and Western Churches about a line in the Nicene Creed. Originally, the Nicene Creed said the Holy Spirit proceeds from the father but the Western Churches added ‘and the son’ to it. The Eastern Church disagreed and argued that the Holy Spirt should only proceed from the Father and not the son.
Cistercian monk who counseled rulers, bishops and popes.
(Wrote the prayer to the wounded shoulder of Jesus.”)
St. Bernard of Clairvaux
White monks
Cistercians
Emphasized the spiritual life in union with God, reducing the focus on labor
Cluniac spirituality
Donated land in Cluny for a new monastery
William the Pious
War of a religious and worldly character
crusade
Appointment of bishops by secular rulers in exchange for temporal protection
Lay Investiture
Founded the Carthusian order
St. Berno
system that came to organize the politics, economy and socla life of Medieval Europe.
Feudalism
Crux
cross
Selling of ecclesiastical offices, pardons or relics by church leaders to emperors
simony
t or f The Treaty of Verdun split the Carolingian empire into four parts.
False
t or f Religious conditions in France influenced the start of the Inquisition in Spain
true
t or f Albigensianism is a form of Gnosticism believing in two gods that rule the universe.
true
t or f Otto 1, the Great failed to protect the church losing the trust of Pope John XII.
false
t or f Henry Il tried to gain control of church revenues and the election of popes.
true
true or false The knights’ templar protected pilgrims traveling to Jerusalem.
true
t or f The Eastern Empire welcomed the crusaders and saw the west as true allies.
false
t or f First Crusade was considered to be the most organized and successful.
true
t or f Saladin was a strategic crusader leading the west to victory in the first crusade.
false
the appointment of family members to important positions of authority is called
nepotism
Judges appointed by the pope to examine accused heretics were called
inquisitors
the practice of appointing bishops and abbots by secular rulers
lay investiture
who Wrote Dictatus papae
Pope Gregory the 7th
Henry IV installed ________ as the antipope in rebellion against St Gregory VII
Clement III
_______________ was martyred by his “friend” Henry II for refusing to support his campaign to control the church.
Thomas Becket
The Treaty of Verdun 843) divided the Carolingian empire into
france italy and germany
Dictatus Papae stated that God’s powers rest with the
Pope
The sermon of Pope ________ was instrumental in recruiting crusaders.
Urban II
St Thoras Beckett spoke out against ________ royal quest yo control the church. He fled to France and later forced to return to _____ where he lost his life
King Henry II
Canterbury
The Inguiston began largely as a reaction to the _______ heresy
Albigensian
Pope BI. Urban Il held a council in _______ in central France to rouse support from Westerners as an appeal for help needed in the East.
Clermont
The process for the _______ did not reveal the identity of
the accusers and rarely included legar protection for the accused.
Inquisition
The Spanish Inquisition developed around the time of the reign of
King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella
The religious orders of ______ and _____ were largely responsible for judgeship during the inquisition.
Dominicans and Franciscans
The prayer to the _____ shoulder of Jesus was written by
___________
wounded
Saint Bernard of Clairvaux
What were the major outcomes of the Crusades? (Include 2 positives and 2 negatives).
The Crusades had mary effects, good and bad.
On the positive side, they helped spark the Renaissance, increased trade between Europe and the East and brought
new knowledge to Europe. However, on the negative side, the crusades contributed to the fall of constantinople and created lots of tension between Musims and Christians.
Describe three reasons that ultimately led to the failure of the Western Empire’s efforts in battling the crusades through history.
- lack of unity
-logistics problems
-not enough resources to keep up their fight
theotokos
mary, mother of god
which heresy did aranaus fight
gnosticism
major renaissance intellectual movements
humanism, classicism, secularism
anathema
when someone is banned from the church
Saint who founded the dominicant order, tried to fight Albigenism, but was not successful
St Dominic
33 AD
Pentecost and Christ crucifixion
saint crucified upside down
Peter
saint crucified on the X
andrew
3 things the church did in response to germanic invasion
- spread the gospel
-prayed
-converted the barbarians
medici family
contributions to renaissance and challenges
-medici family is one of the most powerful and influential groups in European history.
-innovated new banking systems and used their wealth to collect some of the best pieces of renaissance art
- sparked a revival of classical learning
-supported renaissance artists and funded the construction of several iconic buildings and structures
-they promoted humanism and supported economic growth through trade
challenges:
- the enemies of the medici family were the albizzini family and they tried to dethrone them
- 3 priests attempted to murder the Medici brothers
name two heresies and how the church overcame them
arianism claimed that Jesus was not fully divine and the church overcame it at the council of nicaea affirming jesus divinity
pelagianism denied original sin and the need for divine grace and the church overcame it at the council of carthage and ephesus, reinforcing the need for grace and original sin
why were the early christians referred to as the way and what did they face
the early Christians were referred to as “the Way” because they followed the teachings of Jesus, who described himself as “the way, the truth, and the life”. Early Christians faced significant persecution from both the Roman authorities and Jewish leaders. They were often seen as a threat to traditional Roman religious practices and social order, leading to arrests, torture, and executions. Christians were blamed for various societal problems, such as natural disasters, and were often forced to practice their faith in secret.
every apostle was martyred, the only one who wasn’t was
St John
knights templar
monks who were soldiers who protected the pilgrims traveling
