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theology midterm Flashcards

1
Q

apostle to the gentiles

A

st. paul

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2
Q

beloved disciple

A

st john

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3
Q

divine processions

A

relationship between the father, son, and the holy spirit

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4
Q

word made flesh

A

incarnation

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5
Q

apostle to the jews

A

st john

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6
Q

agape

A

love

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7
Q

pentecost

A

birth of the church

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8
Q

presbyteros

A

priest

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9
Q

apologia

A

defense of the catholic faith

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10
Q

didache

A

teaching

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11
Q

the father is the _____ of the world, the son is the _____ and the holy spirit is the _____

A

source
savior
paraclete

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12
Q

true or false: jesus’ teaching constitutes the deposit of faith

A

True

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13
Q

true or false: the church has three dimensions - visible, spiritual, intellectual

A

False

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14
Q

true or false: St. paul was the first apostle called

A

False

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15
Q

true or false: all apostles but st james died as martyrs

A

false

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16
Q

true or false: the church is the mystical body of christ and the temple of the holy spirit

A

true

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17
Q

true or false: the nicene creed includes the four marks that correspond to the catholic church

A

true

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18
Q

true or false: the canon of the bible was decided at the council of jerusalem

A

false

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19
Q

true or false: the world apostle means one who is sent or called

A

true

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20
Q

true or false: the church teaches scripture is authoritative apart from the teaching of the church

A

true

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21
Q

true or false: jesus taught non violence and prayer in the face of persecution

A

true

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22
Q

who is the supreme witness given to the truth of the faith

A

peter

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23
Q

four marks of the church

A

one
holy
catholic
apostolic

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24
Q

jesus inaugural event of the public ministry was his ______ in the _____ by st. john

A

baptism
river jordan

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25
Q

the church was anointed for her mission on the day of _____

A

Pentecost

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26
Q

the three synoptic gospels are

A

matthew
mark
luke

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27
Q

christ made ____ the head of the church

A

peter

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28
Q

at the _________ the church made a definitive statement regarding the canon of scriptures

A

council of jerusalem

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29
Q

the ___________ was the suffering event caused by herod the great, king of jude’s, in ordering the execution children two years old and under

A

martyr of the innocents

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30
Q

______ is a branch of theology that purports to defend and explain the catholic Faith and religion.

A

apologetics

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31
Q

False narrative books on the life of Christ are referred to as

A

heresys

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32
Q

A share in God’s life and poured out to humanity in the sacraments is called

A

grace

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33
Q

________ plus Tradition comprises the Deposit of the Faith.

A

unchanging scripture

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34
Q

mother of holy church

A

mary

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35
Q

Describe the life of the apostles following Christ’s Ascension to heaven. What gave them courage to preach the Gospel to make disciples of all nations?

A

following christs ascension to heaven, the apostles continued his ministry by preaching, healing and exorcising demons. jesus commanded the spotles to spread the gospel everywhere and they passed their powers to their successors through the bishop until Christ had once returned.

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36
Q

What aspect in the founding of the early Church especially drew your attention? Include a topic discussed in class or shared in chapter one (textbook).

A

One aspect in the founding of the early Church that drew my attention was during Pentecost, when the Holy Spirit descended upon the disciples and truly left them at ease with the feeling of peace, love and power. This drew my attention because it shows how everloving Christ is, and how he was able to keep his promise Of coming back after he died

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37
Q

wrote letters on the way to his martyrdom

A

St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch

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38
Q

Disciples meet Jesus and walk 7 miles without recognizing Him. Jesus opens there eyes.

A

Road to Emmaus

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39
Q

Primary location where Christians faced Roman persecution and lost their life.

A

Coliseum

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40
Q

St. Thomas words after placing his hand in the side of the Risen Lord

A

“My Lord and my God”

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41
Q

Disciple of St. John the Apostle

A

St. Polycarp, Bishop of Smyrna

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42
Q

Angels who visited St. Joan of Arc

A

St. Catherine, St. Margaret, and St. Michael

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43
Q

Apostates

A

Christians who left their faith entirely (largely due to persecution)

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44
Q

Washed away by the sacrament of baptism

A

Original sin

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45
Q

Theotokos

A

Mother of God

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46
Q

true or false: St. Peter was martyred during the time of Nero.

A

true

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47
Q

true or false: Trajan’s Rescript legalized Christianity.

A

false

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48
Q

true or false: Decius was responsible for the first empire-wide persecution of christians.

A

true

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49
Q

true or false: St. Irenæus was best known for combating gnosticism.

A

true

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50
Q

true or false The importance of St. Augustine is arguably the greatest rivaled by St. Thomas Aquinas

A

true

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51
Q

true or false Arianism believed in Christ’s divinity, true God and true Man.

A

false

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52
Q

true or false Pelagius taught man could be saved without grace.

A

true

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53
Q

true or false Arius taught that Christ was a creature of the Father, though the greatestcreated being.

A

true

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54
Q

true or false Theodosius cemented the union between church and state with his decree of 391 making christianity the official religion of the empire.

A

true

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55
Q

The four characteristics of the Church Fathers include:

A

holiness, antiquity, orthodoxy and notoriety

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56
Q

St. Basil, St. Gregory of Nyssa and St. Gregory of Nazianus were known as the

A

Cappadocian Fathers

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57
Q

Emperor _______ attributed his victory at the battle of Milvian Bridge to a vision of the Christian cross, leading to his conversion and the eventual legalization of the religion within the Roman Empire.

A

Constantine

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58
Q

_______’s Rescript gave Christians the choice of death or apostasy.

A

Trajan

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59
Q

_____ is the willful denunciation of the Faith in its entirety.

A

apostasy

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60
Q

St. Justin the Martyr died under the reign of Emperor ____________

A

Marcus Aurellus

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61
Q

________ defeated Maximian with the symbol of the cross on his army’s armor.

A

Constantine

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62
Q

an _____ is a ban solemnly pronounced by an ecclesiastical authority and accompanied by excommunication from the Church.

A

anathema

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63
Q

________ was the heresy that believed in 2 gods, one in the Old Testament and one in the New Testament.

A

Marcionism

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64
Q

Homoousios means

A

consubstantial (the same essence)

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65
Q

The heresy of _______ denies the two natures of Christ.

A

Apollonarianism

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66
Q

______ taught Jesus was neither god nor equal to the Father, but raised to the level of “son of god” because of his fidelity and piety.

A

Arianism

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67
Q

______ _believed in a god known as the Demiurge who was a force of evil, responsible for the creation of the material world. They believed the Demiurge was distinct from the supreme God, and that the faithful must wage war against the Demiurge to please the good god.

A

Gnosticism

68
Q

_______ taught the human nature of christ was absorbed into the divine nature as a drop of water is absorbed into the ocean.

A

Monophysitism

69
Q

_____ rejected the validity of Sacraments celebrated by priests and bishops who had formerly betrayed the Faith.

A

Donatists

70
Q

______ lived a life summarized by this constant affirmation: “our hearts are restless until they rest in thee, o Lord.”

A

St Augustine

71
Q

What effects did persecution have on the early church? Include both positive and negative.

A

The persecution caused Christian Churches to be destroyed and christians who refused to recant lost their legal rights. However, people were to experience christ in a newway and the perecurion later caused more growth in the church

72
Q

Which Church Father particularly inspired you?

A

Polycarp inspired me the most because he died for Christ, and refused to renounce him. Even though he suffered a tragic death, hedid it for christ.

73
Q

Name 2 facts about what took place at the Council of Nicea.

A

resolved the controversy of Arianism

  1. enshrined the divinity of christ, referring to the term “homousios”
74
Q

Mission of the Catholic Church and the Body of Christ

A

Bring Good News in Christ to all people

75
Q

Meets Attila the Hun and saves Rome from massive barbarian attack

A

Pope St. Leo the Great

76
Q

Patriarch of Western Monasticism

A

St. Benedict

77
Q

Last of the traditional Latin Doctors (also a monk who becomes Pope)

A

Pope St. Gregory the Great

78
Q

Most ruthless of Germanic tribes

A

Vandals

79
Q

Way of life characterized by prayer and self denial

A

Monasticism

80
Q

“and the Son”

A

Filioque

81
Q

Led by Emperor Leo III who ordered the destruction of icons

A

Iconoclastic controversy

82
Q

Dominus et Deus

A

Lord and God

83
Q

true or false: St. Peter was martyred during the time of Nero.

A

true

84
Q

true or false St. John of Damascus renounced the use of icons

A

false

85
Q

true or false Charlemagne became the first ruler to unite the Germanic kingdoms with papacy

A

true

86
Q

true or false Final break between the Eastern and Western church is called the Great Schism.

A

true

87
Q

true or false St. Patrick is the “Apostle of Germany”

A

false

88
Q

true or false Emperor Leo III failed at successfully stopping the Muslim invaders in 717

A

false

89
Q

true or false St. Paul of Thebes was the first to start the monastic way of life

A

true

90
Q

true or false Pope St. Gregory is the Patriarch of Western Monasticism

A

false

91
Q

true or false Irish monks did little to protect and promote western civilization

A

false

92
Q

true or false St. Augustine of Canterbury brought the Catholicism to pagans and Anglo-Saxons.

A

true

93
Q

true or false Nero persecuted Christians throughout the Roman Empire.

A

true

94
Q

true or false Rule of St. Benedict was adopted by virtually all monastic communities

A

true

95
Q

true or false Constantine was baptized before he died.

A

true

96
Q

true or false St. Bede is the Father of English History

A

true

97
Q

true or false St. Vladimir is the “Apostle of Germany.”

A

false

98
Q

______ the great founded the byzantine empire and named it constantinople

A

Constantine

99
Q

emperor ______ issued an edict in 726 declaring all icons were idolatry and ordered their destruction.

A

Leo III

100
Q

______, ______, ______ are the three vows
made by Benedictine monks following the Rule of St. Benedict.

A

poverty, obedience, chastity

101
Q

______ proved vital for the spread of Christianity during turbulent periods.

A

Monasticism

102
Q

_________ authored the work Confessions and The City of God.

A

st augustine

103
Q

Monasticism brought the benefits of ______ and ______ at the time of Germanic and other barbarian attacks.

A

stability and preservation

104
Q

Spain fell to the ____ in 711 and France fell not long after in 732.

A

Muslims

105
Q

_______ was known as the “Church’s eldest daughter.”

A

France

106
Q

________ was the Apostolic Father who asked Christians not to intervene with his martyrdom through letters.

A

St Ignatius

107
Q

______ received the Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire causing schism with the Byzantine emperors.

A

Charlemagne

108
Q

the lands around Rome, Italy and won by Pepin making the Pope a sovereign as well as spiritual leader

A

Papal States

109
Q

Greek term for lover of icons.

A

Iconophile

110
Q

a large room in a monastery dedicated to the copying and maintaining of texts

A

scriptorium

111
Q

a ______ is one for faith reasons retires to solitary life into the “desert.”

A

hermit

112
Q

List and explain the primary causes that led to the Great Schism in 1054.

A
  • language: the east spoke Greek and the west spoke latin
  • tradition: eastern orthodox prepares the eucharst with leavened bread and the west didnt
  • politics : in the east they made aliances
  • Icons: People started to worship them

Filioque

113
Q

How would you have brought understanding to the iconoclasts on the spiritual use of icons in prayer?

A

To bring understanding to the iconoclasts, I would explain that lcons are not idols, out they act as tools to help christians focus on their faith and in prayer. Icons are like a visual Bible that are able to evangelize without any words.

114
Q

What is known as the “filioque” controversy? Provide context and background.

A

The filioque controversy was basically a disagreement between the Eastern and Western Churches about a line in the Nicene Creed. Originally, the Nicene Creed said the Holy Spirit proceeds from the father but the Western Churches added ‘and the son’ to it. The Eastern Church disagreed and argued that the Holy Spirt should only proceed from the Father and not the son.

115
Q

Cistercian monk who counseled rulers, bishops and popes.
(Wrote the prayer to the wounded shoulder of Jesus.”)

A

St. Bernard of Clairvaux

116
Q

White monks

A

Cistercians

117
Q

Emphasized the spiritual life in union with God, reducing the focus on labor

A

Cluniac spirituality

118
Q

Donated land in Cluny for a new monastery

A

William the Pious

119
Q

War of a religious and worldly character

A

crusade

120
Q

Appointment of bishops by secular rulers in exchange for temporal protection

A

Lay Investiture

121
Q

Founded the Carthusian order

A

St. Berno

122
Q

system that came to organize the politics, economy and socla life of Medieval Europe.

A

Feudalism

123
Q

Crux

A

cross

124
Q

Selling of ecclesiastical offices, pardons or relics by church leaders to emperors

A

simony

125
Q

t or f The Treaty of Verdun split the Carolingian empire into four parts.

A

False

126
Q

t or f Religious conditions in France influenced the start of the Inquisition in Spain

A

true

127
Q

t or f Albigensianism is a form of Gnosticism believing in two gods that rule the universe.

A

true

128
Q

t or f Otto 1, the Great failed to protect the church losing the trust of Pope John XII.

A

false

129
Q

t or f Henry Il tried to gain control of church revenues and the election of popes.

A

true

130
Q

true or false The knights’ templar protected pilgrims traveling to Jerusalem.

A

true

131
Q

t or f The Eastern Empire welcomed the crusaders and saw the west as true allies.

A

false

132
Q

t or f First Crusade was considered to be the most organized and successful.

A

true

133
Q

t or f Saladin was a strategic crusader leading the west to victory in the first crusade.

A

false

134
Q

the appointment of family members to important positions of authority is called

A

nepotism

135
Q

Judges appointed by the pope to examine accused heretics were called

A

inquisitors

136
Q

the practice of appointing bishops and abbots by secular rulers

A

lay investiture

137
Q

who Wrote Dictatus papae

A

Pope Gregory the 7th

138
Q

Henry IV installed ________ as the antipope in rebellion against St Gregory VII

A

Clement III

139
Q

_______________ was martyred by his “friend” Henry II for refusing to support his campaign to control the church.

A

Thomas Becket

140
Q

The Treaty of Verdun 843) divided the Carolingian empire into

A

france italy and germany

141
Q

Dictatus Papae stated that God’s powers rest with the

A

Pope

142
Q

The sermon of Pope ________ was instrumental in recruiting crusaders.

A

Urban II

143
Q

St Thoras Beckett spoke out against ________ royal quest yo control the church. He fled to France and later forced to return to _____ where he lost his life

A

King Henry II
Canterbury

144
Q

The Inguiston began largely as a reaction to the _______ heresy

A

Albigensian

145
Q

Pope BI. Urban Il held a council in _______ in central France to rouse support from Westerners as an appeal for help needed in the East.

A

Clermont

146
Q

The process for the _______ did not reveal the identity of
the accusers and rarely included legar protection for the accused.

A

Inquisition

147
Q

The Spanish Inquisition developed around the time of the reign of

A

King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella

148
Q

The religious orders of ______ and _____ were largely responsible for judgeship during the inquisition.

A

Dominicans and Franciscans

149
Q

The prayer to the _____ shoulder of Jesus was written by
___________

A

wounded

Saint Bernard of Clairvaux

150
Q

What were the major outcomes of the Crusades? (Include 2 positives and 2 negatives).

A

The Crusades had mary effects, good and bad.
On the positive side, they helped spark the Renaissance, increased trade between Europe and the East and brought
new knowledge to Europe. However, on the negative side, the crusades contributed to the fall of constantinople and created lots of tension between Musims and Christians.

151
Q

Describe three reasons that ultimately led to the failure of the Western Empire’s efforts in battling the crusades through history.

A
  • lack of unity
    -logistics problems
    -not enough resources to keep up their fight
152
Q

theotokos

A

mary, mother of god

153
Q

which heresy did aranaus fight

A

gnosticism

154
Q

major renaissance intellectual movements

A

humanism, classicism, secularism

155
Q

anathema

A

when someone is banned from the church

156
Q

Saint who founded the dominicant order, tried to fight Albigenism, but was not successful

A

St Dominic

157
Q

33 AD

A

Pentecost and Christ crucifixion

158
Q

saint crucified upside down

A

Peter

159
Q

saint crucified on the X

A

andrew

160
Q

3 things the church did in response to germanic invasion

A
  • spread the gospel
    -prayed
    -converted the barbarians
161
Q

medici family
contributions to renaissance and challenges

A

-medici family is one of the most powerful and influential groups in European history.

-innovated new banking systems and used their wealth to collect some of the best pieces of renaissance art

  • sparked a revival of classical learning

-supported renaissance artists and funded the construction of several iconic buildings and structures

-they promoted humanism and supported economic growth through trade

challenges:
- the enemies of the medici family were the albizzini family and they tried to dethrone them
- 3 priests attempted to murder the Medici brothers

162
Q

name two heresies and how the church overcame them

A

arianism claimed that Jesus was not fully divine and the church overcame it at the council of nicaea affirming jesus divinity

pelagianism denied original sin and the need for divine grace and the church overcame it at the council of carthage and ephesus, reinforcing the need for grace and original sin

163
Q

why were the early christians referred to as the way and what did they face

A

the early Christians were referred to as “the Way” because they followed the teachings of Jesus, who described himself as “the way, the truth, and the life”. Early Christians faced significant persecution from both the Roman authorities and Jewish leaders. They were often seen as a threat to traditional Roman religious practices and social order, leading to arrests, torture, and executions. Christians were blamed for various societal problems, such as natural disasters, and were often forced to practice their faith in secret.

164
Q

every apostle was martyred, the only one who wasn’t was

A

St John

165
Q

knights templar

A

monks who were soldiers who protected the pilgrims traveling

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