QUIZ: Types of Nutrition, Food Chain, Food Web, Pyramids, Material Cycles Flashcards
(types of nutrition) autotrophic organisms can…
produce nutrients
(types of nutrition) autotrophs go through the process of
photosynthesis
plants would be examples of
autotrophs
(types of nutrition) heterotrophic organisms must
find their nutrients and consume them
(types of nutrition) heterotrophs are usually
animals
(types of heterotrophs) herbivores are organisms that
are strictly plant eaters
carnivores are
strictly meat eaters
there are two types of carnivores:
predators and scavengers
carnivore predators..
hunt (stalk), kill and consume prey
carnivore scavengers..
consume organisms they did not kill
omnivores are
organisms that
eat both plant and animal material.
omnivores are usually
animals
saprophytes are organisms that
secrete digestive enzymes to digest food outside their body, the liquified nutrients are then absorbed
______ are examples of organisms that use the process of saprophytes
fungi
food chains are
diagrams that show the movement of
energy/nutrients through an ecosystem.
(food chains) producers are
always the first organisms in a food chain
(food chains) producers capture..
the energy from the sun, (source of
energy for all living things), through the process of photosynthesis, and make it available to the other organisms of the community, these are the plants
(food chains) consumers are
organisms that eat food. This transfers energy/nutrients
from the organism eaten to the organism eating it
Primary Consumer
these are herbivores. Energy/nutrients is
transferred from plants to the herbivores
Secondary Consumer
these are carnivores. Energy/nutrients
are transferred from the prey organisms to the predator/
scavenger.
Decomposers
These organisms break down dead organisms and the wastes
produced by organisms and return these materials to the
environment.
These organisms are the bacteria of decay and fungi
Food webs are made up of
many food chains that overlap
food webs are
what we actually find in nature, as most living things
have more that one food source.
Like food chains, food webs show
the transfer of nutrients and
energy through an ecosystem
For all the pyramids, the _______ are always at the bottom
producers
(pyramid) producers have the
most energy, biggest population, and the most biomass
As we move up the pyramid,
the amount of energy, size of
population, and biomass gets smaller
The second level of any pyramid, just above the producers, is always the
herbivores
The remaining levels of the pyramids are made up of
carnivores
the top level of the food chain being made up of one
dominant
carnivore (apex predator)
The pyramid of energy demonstrates
how much energy is
needed to support the level above it.
About 10% of the energy that moves up a level..
is stored. The
remainder is lost to metabolism.
The base of the pyramid, the ______ are known as
autotrophs
the first trophic level.
the base of the pyramid has the most
energy
The second level of the pyramid, the ________ are
heterotrophs
the second trophic level.
The third level is the
third trophic level,
and so on.
The pyramid of numbers demonstrates
the number of
organisms needed to support the level above it
(pyramid of numbers) Like the pyramid of energy,
the autotrophs are on the bottom,
base, the second level is made up of the herbivores, and the
top levels are carnivores.
In ecology, biomass refers to
the organic material found in
living things
The pyramid of biomass demonstrates
how much biomass is
needed at each level to support the level above it
(pyramid of biomass) Like the pyramid of energy, the plants make up the
base of
the pyramid, the herbivores make up the second level, and
the carnivores make up the top levels.
There is a limited amount of _____ on the Earth
material
There is a need to recycle materials, otherwise
we would run
out of these materials and life would no longer exist.
There are material cycles for
all materials
Three examples of material cycles are the
carbon cycle,
water cycle, and nitrogen cycle
(carbon cycle)
The storage area for carbon is
in the atmosphere in the form
of carbon dioxide.
(carbon cycle)
Carbon is pulled out of the air by
plants, through the process
of photosynthesis, and they make the carbon available to the
other organisms of the ecosystem in the form of sugars and
starches.
Carbon is then moved through the ecosystem when animals
consume food
(carbon cycle)
Carbon is returned to the atmosphere in the form of
carbon
dioxide through respiration, burning, and decomposition by
the bacteria of decay.
(water cycle)
The storage area for water is
the oceans
(water cycle)
Water _______ and is carried by…
evaporates
the atmosphere over land
(water cycle)
Once over land, ___________ and ___________ occur, and…
condensation + precipitation
the water falls to the Earth
(water cycle)
Water not absorbed or stored on the Earth returns to
the ocean as a result of runoff
(water cycle)
Plants and animals return
water vapor back to the atmosphere through transpiration
(nitrogen cycle)
The storage area for nitrogen is the
atmosphere
(nitrogen cycle)
Nitrogen is pulled out of the atmosphere by
nitrogen-fixing
bacteria. This bacteria makes nitrogen available to plants.
The nitrogen compounds are then transferred through the ecosystem when the organisms consume one another
(nitrogen cycle)
A second bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, break down
dead organisms and their wastes, releasing simple nitrogen
compounds into the soil for plants to use
(nitrogen cycle)
A third bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, break up
dead organisms and wastes. These bacteria return the nitrogen
back to the atmosphere.
Legumes are
plants that have nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their
roots. As a result they have access to nitrogen compounds.
The bacteria and the legume demonstrate
mutualism
