global Flashcards
explain the place of Neapolitan Bonaparte in the French revolution and his impact on Europe
after the reign of terror, France was still surrounded by enemies. The army of France produced a popular hero named Neapolitan, who was able to seize power and this power became known as coup detat. Napoleon had his role confirmed by a special vote of the people.
Napoleon created a national bank and an efficient system of taxation. He also created a system of public schools. He famously reached an agreement with the pope which restored somewhat the place of the church in France. Created a new system of laws called the Napoleonic code which confirmed the elimination of the social privileges of the old regime , but also limited the freedoms of speech and the press.
well, he had dramatic excess in military dominating the continent of Europe, he also was defeated. His Navy was defeated by the British at the battle of Chahar, which established British naval superiority, which was the last well in the 20th century he adopted a policy called the continental system, which was essentially a block of Great Britain . His most famous military disaster was his invasion and retreat from Russia. By 1814 Napoleon rain was nearly to an end. Napoleon was exiled after a brief rule of 100 days and a final defeat at the battle of Waterloo.
what does it mean to say that the industrial revolution was really an energy revolution? Your answer should include a discussion of steam power and it’s roll in the beginning of the industrial revolution.
The Industrial Revolution is often called an energy revolution because it marked a major shift in how energy was used to power machines and factories. Before this period, people relied on human labor, animal power, and water to do most work. However, with the invention of the steam engine, which was improved by James Watt in the late 1700s, coal became the main source of energy. The steam engine could power machines more efficiently than water mills and didn’t need to be near a river, allowing factories to be built in cities. This innovation powered not only factories but also trains and steamships, which revolutionized transportation and trade, making it faster and cheaper to move goods.
The switch to coal and steam power allowed for larger-scale production, faster manufacturing, and more efficient transportation, which changed the way people worked and lived. It led to the growth of urban centers, where factories could be built in new locations, and it created a huge increase in the production of goods. In short, the Industrial Revolution was an energy revolution because steam power and coal fueled the rapid growth of industry and transformed economies around the world.
How did the industrial revolution change the life in Europe?
The Industrial Revolution dramatically changed life in Europe by transforming where and how people lived and worked. As factories and industries grew, many people moved from rural areas to cities in search of jobs. This led to urbanization, with cities like Manchester and London expanding rapidly. People no longer worked on farms or in small workshops but instead labored long hours in factories under strict conditions. Factory work was often grueling, with low wages and poor working environments, especially for women and children. The shift to industrial jobs created a new middle class of factory owners and entrepreneurs, while the working class often lived in overcrowded, unsanitary conditions in urban slums.
In addition to changing where people lived and worked, the Industrial Revolution led to important technological and economic shifts. The development of steam engines, the growth of railroads, and the rise of new industries like textiles and coal mining revolutionized how goods were produced and transported. While this brought about increased productivity and economic growth, it also created challenges such as pollution and deforestation, as coal and factories became major sources of environmental damage. Over time, reforms in public health, housing, and education began to improve living conditions, but the early industrial years were marked by stark contrasts between the growing wealth of industrialists and the harsh realities faced by the working class.
what was the scramble for Africa? Why did it happen when it did what set it off and what impact did it have on both Europe in Africa?
The Scramble for Africa was the rapid colonization and partition of the African continent by European powers between 1881 and 1914. It was driven by a mix of economic, political, and social factors. European countries wanted to secure valuable raw materials like rubber, gold, and diamonds to fuel their industrial economies. Advances in technology, including the steam engine, railroads, and medical innovations like quinine (which helped fight malaria), made it easier for Europeans to explore and conquer Africa’s interior. At the same time, European powers were driven by nationalism and the desire to expand their empires as symbols of prestige and power. The Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 formalized the division of Africa, with European nations agreeing on borders without consulting African leaders, which set off the race for territory.
The impact of the Scramble for Africa on the continent was profound. African societies lost their political autonomy as colonial powers imposed new borders and governance systems, often disregarding existing ethnic and cultural divisions. European colonization led to the exploitation of African resources, including labor and raw materials, often through brutal systems like forced labor and slavery. While some parts of Africa were economically transformed by new infrastructure (railroads, ports), much of the wealth went to European powers. The effects of this colonial period are still felt today, with artificial borders causing ethnic conflicts and economic inequalities that continue to affect African countries.
