living environment quiz natural selection and taxonomy

Question 1

the theory of natural selection was introduced by

Answer 1

darwin

Question 2

(theory of natural selection) 1.

Answer 2

1. populations evolve, not individuals

Question 3

(theory of natural selection) 2.

Answer 3

2. individuals within a population have variations (differences)

Darwin does not explain how these differences appear

Question 4

(theory of natural selection) the modern theory of evolution adds the reasons for…

Answer 4

variation within a species. (sexual reproduction - genetic shuffling), and mutation

Question 5

(theory of natural selection) 3.

Answer 5

3. overproduction - populations produce more offspring than can survive

Question 6

(theory of natural selection) 4.

Answer 6

4. The organisms with traits that help them survive the environment win the competition (struggle for existence- survival of the fittest)

Question 7

(theory of natural selection) 5.

Answer 7

5.Those that win the competition produce more offspring, and
pass on their winning traits, than those that do not win the
competition, have less desirable traits

Question 8

(theory of natural selection) 6.

Answer 8

6. Eventually the population will have more members with the
   new, and favorable, trait that increases chances of survival,
   populations evolves

Question 9

(theory of natural selection) 7.

Answer 9

7. The environment has determined which traits are helpful and
   which are harmful, (environmental selection ).

Question 10

mutation -

Answer 10

any change to
genetic material

Question 11

sexual reproduction -

Answer 11

genetic shuffling (meiosis
and fertilization)

Question 12

structural change -

Answer 12

Homologous structures that have been
developed or modified

Question 13

functional changes -

Answer 13

a structure changes what it does. (Ex. Snakes - in some snakes the salivary glands became poison glands)

Question 14

behavioral change

Answer 14

a change in how the
organism acts. (Usually
associated with mating behavior)

Question 15

the two variation sources are

Answer 15

mutation and sexual reproduction

Question 16

the 3 results from variation are

Answer 16

structural change, functional changes, and behavioral changes

Question 17

(rates of evolution - factors) reproductive rate -

Answer 17

generally, the faster the reproductive
rate, the faster the rate of evolution.

Question 18

(rates of evolution - factors) life span -

Answer 18

generally, the shorter the life span, the faster the rate of evolution

Question 19

There are two hypotheses for types of rates of evolution

Answer 19

gradualism and punctuated equilibrium

Question 21

Gradualism

Answer 21

Evolution is constantly going on and it is a slow and steady
process.

• If this is true, then there will be transitional fossils, “missing
  links”, present.
• In the time that life has been on the planet, it seems unlikely
  that life could have evolved from a single cell into a
  multicellular, complex life form, like humans, through this process

Question 22

Punctuated Equilibrium

Answer 22

This hypothesis proposes that there are long periods of
stability, no change in species, broken up by brief periods of
rapid change, species changing quickly.

• Brief geological periods of rapid change could be 5, 275, or
  10,000 years.
• If this concept is true, there will be few, if any, transitional
  fossils
• In the time life has been on this planet, it would be possible
  for life to have evolved from a single cell to a complex,
  multicellular life form (like humans) using this model

Question 23

taxonomy is

Answer 23

the science of classification

Question 24

(taxonomy) Organisms were placed into categories based on _____ _______. Today when we place organisms into categories
we tend to use ______ _______

Answer 24

structural similarities

biochemical similarities

Question 25

(taxons - levels of classification) domain

Answer 25

largest, most general category

Question 26

(taxons - levels of classification) kingdom

Answer 26

several kingdoms make up one domain

Question 27

(taxons - levels of classification) phylum/phyla

Answer 27

several phyla make up one kingdom

Question 28

(taxons - levels of classification) class

Answer 28

several classes make up one phylum

Question 29

(taxons - levels of classification) order

Answer 29

several orders make up one class

Question 30

(taxons - levels of classification) family

Answer 30

several families make up one order

Question 31

(taxons - levels of classification) genus/genera

Answer 31

several genera make up one family

Question 32

(taxons - levels of classification) species

Answer 32

several species make up one genus

Question 33

domain -

Answer 33

eukaryote

Question 34

kingdom -

Answer 34

animal

Question 35

phylum -

Answer 35

chordate

Question 36

class -

Answer 36

mammal

Question 37

order -

Answer 37

primate

Question 38

family

Answer 38

hominid

Question 39

genus -

Answer 39

homo

Question 40

species -

Answer 40

sapien

Question 41

Binomial Nomenclature
First Name

Answer 41

• The first name represents the organisms genus.
• The first letter is always capitalized.
• The name is written in italics.
• Can be abbreviated by using just the first letter

Question 42

Binomial Nomenclature
Second Name

Answer 42

The second name represents the organisms species.

• The second name is never capitalized.
• The second name is never abbreviated.
• The second name is also given in italics.
• Therefore the taxonomic name for a modern human is
  Homo sapien or H. sapien

Question 43

Taxonomic Keys

Answer 43

Used to help identify organisms based on structures present,
body design, color.

Uses two opposing statements to either identify the organism
or refer the reader to another trait.