global chapter 22 Flashcards
geocentrism
theory that sun orbited around the earth
heliocentrism
theory that the sun was the center of the solar system
in the 16th century who advocated for heliocentrism?
Nicolas Copernicus
in the early 17th century, an Italian scientists named _______ used __________ to ________
Galileo,
used newer and better telescopes to confirm heliocentrism.
He renounced his findings under pressure from the church
_____________ was able to explain how and why with his laws of motion and _____ the idea that every object in the universe attracts every other object
Sir Isaac Newton
gravity
key elements of the scientific method
-helped advance human knowledge and technology
the ability to predict the weather was improved by the invention of the _______ and the _________
thermometer
barometer
_______ ________ created the first vaccine by…..
Edward Jenner
using pus from the sores of cows suffering from cowpox to help human beings develop immunity to smallpox
______________ proposed that there are over 100 basic
Robert Boyle
elements
the age of enlightenment stressed…
the power of reason by individual people to advance knowledge and social progress
salons were…. and took place in…
small groups who would meet in private homes to read together and discuss the scientific, literary and philosophical ideas
took place in Paris
scientific method
- observation/question
- hypothesis
- experiment
- analyze data/draw conclusions
Thomas Hobbes advocated for..
an absolute ruler who was needed to protect individuals from eachother
John Locke advocated for..
equal citizens, and that the government created was therefore limited
a French philosophe named Jean Jacqueus was..
more like Locke than Hobbes but was more insistent that all people, not just wealthy men should be equal in creating this democratic gov
Mary Wollstonecraft..
argued that women should be accorded the same political rights and freedoms as men, but modern feminism would not achieve major gains for women for another 100 years
French philosophe Baron de Montesquieu felt that..
the best way to preserve the freedom of all citizens was to separate the powers of government into different branches
enlightened despots
rulers of the period that were not eager to yield power themselves
most famous enlightened despots was _________ the Great of Russia who..
Catherine
finally achieved the Russian dream of a warm water port when Russia seized the north coast of the Black Sea. limited efforts at political reform were mostly abandoned
Baroque art style
featured rich, crowded designs with bold colors and materials intended to command attention and impress
Neoclassical art style
simpler elegance of classical sculpture and architecture
_________ _______ created the Encyclopedia which was… and published in…
Denis Diderot
a collection of articles and essays from a variety of European experts
published the first of many volumes in 1751
as American colonists moved westward they found themselves in conflict with native Americans and French colonists with resulted in..
French and Indian war
who won the French and Indian war
Great Britian defeated the French and their Native American allies, but doing so costed a lot of money
After the French and Indian war, King and Parliament passed a series of laws such as……..which……
the Stamp Act and Tea act
which sought to raise money in America to defend American colonists
The colonists who did not get to vote for Parliament complained of ___________________________. in protest, colonists famously…
“taxation without representation”
dumped British tea into Bostons harbor rather than pay the taxes
under the leadership of men like George Washington, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson declared… with the help of…
Their first effort resulted in ________________________________ but was replaced by…
they declared American independence with the help of France
The Articles of Confederation replaced by the Constituion
As proponents and opponents argued for and against the adoption of the Constitution, a _________________ was prepared
Bill of Rights
