global chapter 22 Flashcards

1
Q

geocentrism

A

theory that sun orbited around the earth

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2
Q

heliocentrism

A

theory that the sun was the center of the solar system

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3
Q

in the 16th century who advocated for heliocentrism?

A

Nicolas Copernicus

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4
Q

in the early 17th century, an Italian scientists named _______ used __________ to ________

A

Galileo,

used newer and better telescopes to confirm heliocentrism.

He renounced his findings under pressure from the church

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5
Q

_____________ was able to explain how and why with his laws of motion and _____ the idea that every object in the universe attracts every other object

A

Sir Isaac Newton

gravity

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6
Q

key elements of the scientific method

A

-helped advance human knowledge and technology

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7
Q

the ability to predict the weather was improved by the invention of the _______ and the _________

A

thermometer
barometer

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8
Q

_______ ________ created the first vaccine by…..

A

Edward Jenner

using pus from the sores of cows suffering from cowpox to help human beings develop immunity to smallpox

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9
Q

______________ proposed that there are over 100 basic

A

Robert Boyle

elements

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10
Q

the age of enlightenment stressed…

A

the power of reason by individual people to advance knowledge and social progress

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11
Q

salons were…. and took place in…

A

small groups who would meet in private homes to read together and discuss the scientific, literary and philosophical ideas

took place in Paris

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12
Q

scientific method

A
  1. observation/question
  2. hypothesis
  3. experiment
  4. analyze data/draw conclusions
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13
Q

Thomas Hobbes advocated for..

A

an absolute ruler who was needed to protect individuals from eachother

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14
Q

John Locke advocated for..

A

equal citizens, and that the government created was therefore limited

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15
Q

a French philosophe named Jean Jacqueus was..

A

more like Locke than Hobbes but was more insistent that all people, not just wealthy men should be equal in creating this democratic gov

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16
Q

Mary Wollstonecraft..

A

argued that women should be accorded the same political rights and freedoms as men, but modern feminism would not achieve major gains for women for another 100 years

17
Q

French philosophe Baron de Montesquieu felt that..

A

the best way to preserve the freedom of all citizens was to separate the powers of government into different branches

18
Q

enlightened despots

A

rulers of the period that were not eager to yield power themselves

19
Q

most famous enlightened despots was _________ the Great of Russia who..

A

Catherine

finally achieved the Russian dream of a warm water port when Russia seized the north coast of the Black Sea. limited efforts at political reform were mostly abandoned

20
Q

Baroque art style

A

featured rich, crowded designs with bold colors and materials intended to command attention and impress

21
Q

Neoclassical art style

A

simpler elegance of classical sculpture and architecture

22
Q

_________ _______ created the Encyclopedia which was… and published in…

A

Denis Diderot

a collection of articles and essays from a variety of European experts

published the first of many volumes in 1751

23
Q

as American colonists moved westward they found themselves in conflict with native Americans and French colonists with resulted in..

A

French and Indian war

24
Q

who won the French and Indian war

A

Great Britian defeated the French and their Native American allies, but doing so costed a lot of money

25
After the French and Indian war, King and Parliament passed a series of laws such as........which......
the Stamp Act and Tea act which sought to raise money in America to defend American colonists
26
The colonists who did not get to vote for Parliament complained of ___________________________. in protest, colonists famously...
"taxation without representation" dumped British tea into Bostons harbor rather than pay the taxes
27
under the leadership of men like George Washington, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson declared... with the help of... Their first effort resulted in ________________________________ but was replaced by...
they declared American independence with the help of France The Articles of Confederation replaced by the Constituion
28
As proponents and opponents argued for and against the adoption of the Constitution, a _________________ was prepared
Bill of Rights