global chapter 22

Question 1

geocentrism

Answer 1

theory that sun orbited around the earth

Question 2

heliocentrism

Answer 2

theory that the sun was the center of the solar system

Question 3

in the 16th century who advocated for heliocentrism?

Answer 3

Nicolas Copernicus

Question 4

in the early 17th century, an Italian scientists named _______ used __________ to ________

Answer 4

Galileo,

used newer and better telescopes to confirm heliocentrism.

He renounced his findings under pressure from the church

Question 5

_____________ was able to explain how and why with his laws of motion and _____ the idea that every object in the universe attracts every other object

Answer 5

Sir Isaac Newton

gravity

Question 6

key elements of the scientific method

Answer 6

-helped advance human knowledge and technology

Question 7

the ability to predict the weather was improved by the invention of the _______ and the _________

Answer 7

thermometer
barometer

Question 8

_______ ________ created the first vaccine by…..

Answer 8

Edward Jenner

using pus from the sores of cows suffering from cowpox to help human beings develop immunity to smallpox

Question 9

______________ proposed that there are over 100 basic

Answer 9

Robert Boyle

elements

Question 10

the age of enlightenment stressed…

Answer 10

the power of reason by individual people to advance knowledge and social progress

Question 11

salons were…. and took place in…

Answer 11

small groups who would meet in private homes to read together and discuss the scientific, literary and philosophical ideas

took place in Paris

Question 12

scientific method

Answer 12

1. observation/question
2. hypothesis
3. experiment
4. analyze data/draw conclusions

Question 13

Thomas Hobbes advocated for..

Answer 13

an absolute ruler who was needed to protect individuals from eachother

Question 14

John Locke advocated for..

Answer 14

equal citizens, and that the government created was therefore limited

Question 15

a French philosophe named Jean Jacqueus was..

Answer 15

more like Locke than Hobbes but was more insistent that all people, not just wealthy men should be equal in creating this democratic gov

Question 16

Mary Wollstonecraft..

Answer 16

argued that women should be accorded the same political rights and freedoms as men, but modern feminism would not achieve major gains for women for another 100 years

Question 17

French philosophe Baron de Montesquieu felt that..

Answer 17

the best way to preserve the freedom of all citizens was to separate the powers of government into different branches

Question 18

enlightened despots

Answer 18

rulers of the period that were not eager to yield power themselves

Question 19

most famous enlightened despots was _________ the Great of Russia who..

Answer 19

Catherine

finally achieved the Russian dream of a warm water port when Russia seized the north coast of the Black Sea. limited efforts at political reform were mostly abandoned

Question 20

Baroque art style

Answer 20

featured rich, crowded designs with bold colors and materials intended to command attention and impress

Question 21

Neoclassical art style

Answer 21

simpler elegance of classical sculpture and architecture

Question 22

_________ _______ created the Encyclopedia which was… and published in…

Answer 22

Denis Diderot

a collection of articles and essays from a variety of European experts

published the first of many volumes in 1751

Question 23

as American colonists moved westward they found themselves in conflict with native Americans and French colonists with resulted in..

Answer 23

French and Indian war

Question 24

who won the French and Indian war

Answer 24

Great Britian defeated the French and their Native American allies, but doing so costed a lot of money

Question 25

After the French and Indian war, King and Parliament passed a series of laws such as……..which……

Answer 25

the Stamp Act and Tea act

which sought to raise money in America to defend American colonists

Question 26

The colonists who did not get to vote for Parliament complained of ___________________________. in protest, colonists famously…

Answer 26

“taxation without representation”

dumped British tea into Bostons harbor rather than pay the taxes

Question 27

under the leadership of men like George Washington, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson declared… with the help of…

Their first effort resulted in ________________________________ but was replaced by…

Answer 27

they declared American independence with the help of France

The Articles of Confederation replaced by the Constituion

Question 28

As proponents and opponents argued for and against the adoption of the Constitution, a _________________ was prepared

Answer 28

Bill of Rights